Technological Advancement is Natural Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

Mechanical Advancement is Natural As we enter the twenty-first century, plainly numerous things about our strategy for collaborating with our condition are not quite the same as in earlier hundreds of years, and that, truth be told, the very way of thinking of the man-nature communication may change once more. Some anticipate these changes. Others are dreadful or censorious. As a rule, individuals verifiably or unequivocally contend that specific innovations are unnatural. They guarantee that while certain innovations might be helpful, different advances speak to a type of Nature control and this that fiddling is incautious. Since this contention may show up in numerous spots, it is essential to basically dissect it. I feel that this contention is the discretionary response of one way of thinking against another, and doesn't without anyone else demonstrate anything. Inspecting impression of the normal from history and certain commendable circumstances, alongside present day thinking regarding the matter, may light up the more profound issues that lie behind this contention. Native mankind appears to have had different strict frameworks assigned comprehensively as nature-revere. Articles in nature, places, and the spirits of companions or family members (living or dead) were to be loved, dreaded, and mollified. For example, a local American may leave a contribution to the spirit of a deer he had pursued. Different social orders would assemble in forests or gives in to praise strict functions. In agrarian and primitive social orders, increasingly unpredictable and specialized strict frameworks were created. They may be assigned Polytheism, Monotheism, and Universalism. For the reasons for this conversation, let us characterize these terms as follows: Monotheism distinguishes precisely one extraordinary otherworldly being, who, by his own nat... ...nded tones of dread of the outsider and doubt of the blended. I likewise stress that, in the discussions over current innovation, numerous individuals dread change and utilize unnatural, just as others, to bring outlandish presumptions into the discussion. There are situations where dabbling with nature can have major unintended outcome, similarly as a man controlling the works at a hydroelectric dam could cause a flood in the valley underneath. In any case, these results emerge not on the grounds that it is detestable to play with nature but since Nature herself is both very incredible and ethically unbiased. Man has consistently attempted to repress Nature and hold her under control. This gets simpler as we comprehend her better, so I guarantee that innovation is completely characteristic. Work Cited Heavenly Bible. Approved King James Version. Ed. C.I. Scofield. New Scofield Reference Edition. New York: Oxford UP, 1997.

Things fall apart

The desires and characteristics of an Ibo saint There were some exceptional properties for which the Igbo individuals anticipated that their legend should have. One of them being, a solid chief. Okonkwo anyway in the start of the novel appears to be a feeble person. Reason being he appeared to fight with the dread of disappointment (Achebe 16). Promoting We will compose a custom exposition test on Things self-destruct explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a youngster growing up, he didn't exactly have a dad who no doubt he could turn upward to. Be that as it may, this was no reason for him not to push ahead. Rather, he ought to have looked for help from the town advisor so he might let the past be the past. Furthermore, towards the finish of the novel, he ends it all because of the way that he has no adherents with regards to managing the evangelists. To the Ibos, a hero’s unmistakable quality was exceptionally up held in agreement to what he had accomplish ed as an individual (Achebe 3). This accordingly increased Okwonkwo’s thirst of getting increasingly more engaged with the exercises inside the network. It didn't make a difference whether what he did was positive or negative. For example, he engaged in the slaughtering of Ikemefuna considerably subsequent to being cautioned not to. Then again, the majority of the tribe older folks were pleased with him for doing as such. This was essentially on the grounds that he was maintaining the familial customs. The people group anticipated that their pioneer should in every case satisfy what he says. This is most likely the motivation behind why Okwonkwo, never adjusted his perspective over specific issues in any event, when plainly he would lose the fight. A genuine model being, to battle against the preachers. Correlation of an Igbo saint and Okwonkwo’s creative mind of one Okwonkwo’s impression of a legend was a narrow minded one. This is obvious when he made a specia l effort to snatch the same number of titles as he could regardless of whom he needed to hurt en route. Much the same as Achebe puts it, â€Å"Okwonkwo’s distinction laid on strong individual achievement† (3). Since the time his dad carried shame to the family, his most significant want was to demonstrate to the entire network that he was obviously superior to his dad. He would direct his drinking propensities all the more so; he would give a valiant effort to raise his child in a greatly improved family setting than his dad. Besides, the possibility of a saint to him was one who was one who was chauvinist. He accepted that the lady has almost no positioned in the family as well as in the network also. As a general rule, he would compare anything powerless or delicate to a lady and anything solid and lively to the man. He detested the frail individuals in his locale and particularly the individuals who feared taking on an assignment. Eventually, he proposed that his ow n child, Nwoye was a lady like (Achebe 4). Manliness was intended to be communicated through savagery as per Okwonkwo.Advertising Looking for article on writing dialects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is acceptable to take note of that a saint was intended to keep the network laws. Okwonkwo did this by permitting the family older folks to banish him to another town as a discipline. Reason being that he had beaten his better half during the seven day stretch of harmony. By consenting to leave the network while being a pioneer was a method of being a decent good example. Individuals are isolated by triumphs and disappointments to an enormous degree Clearly, Okwonkwo must be ousted for his inability to rehearse poise. Having beaten his better half during the seven day stretch of harmony, he needed to leave his family and his supporters in the network to another town. All things considered, circumstances, the individuals who conflict with the law generally alluded to as lawbreakers are regularly secured up cell. Some have must be moved to cells outside their own nation relying upon the degree of wrongdoing they submitted. For example the Guantanamo straight in Latin America, which has been utilized to address hoodlums from over the world. In another occurrence, Okwonkwo chose to end it all explanation being he was unable to battle the teachers alone and his child had just changed over to Christianity. This particularly made himextremely upset since he was unable to see how his child could ignore him and obediently obey what the ministers educated him. In this way as death he got isolated from his family and the network all in all for disregarding change. In present day society there is a typical saying that â€Å"change, before change changes you.† This implies there are things we essentially can't flee from and we simply need to adjust. Nwoye, Okwonkwo’s child then again saw precisely wha t he needed from life. He would settle on vital choices regardless of is father’s pundits and satisfied them. He changed over to Christianity and later on went to the school that was set up by the teachers. Along these lines, he got illuminated on the different parts of life including sex uniformity. Because of his transformation his dad started abandoning him however he didn't surrender. Be that as it may, we have a tad bit of each As people, we as a whole remain imperfect, nobody is great. Okwonkwo, may have treated the ladies in his impolitely by pounding them, etc. In any case, he adored his little girl Ezinma and sooner or later wished he was a kid (Achebe 61). Promoting We will compose a custom article test on Things self-destruct explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maybe she could have acquired her father’s administration and property too. Okwonkwo likewise adored resilient men who stood their situation in whatever choices they made. This is f undamentally why he resented the tribe older folks when he originated from outcast and found that nearly the entire network had changed over to Christianity. Given the progression in innovation and the quick pace of globalization, numerous individuals live indiscreetly without a doubt. This is because of the rate at which individuals are getting contaminated with specific ailments and participating in horrifying unethical acts. In any case, toward the day's end a great many people put stock in a higher power or have a place with a type of religion. This connotes the two sided life of people. Regarding the novel, Okwonkwo realized that the way of life of executing individuals wasn't right however he felt free to participate in it in spite of being cautioned. Notwithstanding this he was partook in the clan’s strict and profound occasions. The Igbo people group in spite of permitting spouse battering had not very many occurrences where the ladies would be appointed some signific ant obligations. Some of them being teaching the youthful ones, disclosing to them stories just as painting the places of the egwugwu (Achebe 84). Without a doubt, the Igbo people group esteemed the ladies in certain parts of network fabricating henceforth they would not just addition regard from the egwugwu. Work Cited Achebe,Chinua. Things self-destruct. Joined Kingdom: William Heinemann Ltd. 1958. This paper on Things self-destruct was composed and put together by client Mckenzie Y. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

How Baseline Measurement of Behavior Works

How Baseline Measurement of Behavior Works ADHD School Print How a Baseline Measurement of Behavior Helps Behavioral Intervention By Ann Logsdon Ann Logsdon is a school psychologist specializing in helping parents and teachers support students with a range of educational and developmental disabilities.   Learn about our editorial policy Ann Logsdon Updated on February 03, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Cavan Images / Digital Vision / Getty Images The term baseline measurement can refer to a measurement of any problemâ€"be it a childs behavior problems or a social ill in ones community. In terms of a child whos acting out, however, a baseline measurement refers to the beginning measurement of a behavior. Say, for example, that a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) repeatedly blurts out answers in class. The baseline measurement would assess how often the child engages in this behavior. An educator who observes the child determines that he has these outbursts at least 11 times per day. How Baseline of Behavior Works This baseline of behavior is measured before an intervention is begun. The childs teacher or another faculty member would measure the baseline rate of the students off-task behavior before implementing a behavior modification system designed to increase the students on-task behavior. The baseline measurement, compared to later measurements after the intervention, gives a starting point to measure how effective the intervention is. In the case of the child with ADHD, the teacher might give the child some strategies to stop screaming out answers in class. The teacher might try positive behavior reinforcement. For example, every time the child raises his hand before giving the teacher an answer, she could reward the child in some way, such as allowing him to be her helper when she passes out papers to the students in class or giving him extra minutes of free reading time. After using these strategies to cut down on the students negative behaviors, the teacher would once again measure how often the child blurts out answers instead of waiting to be called on in class. After using behavior modification strategies, the teacher finds that the child now only blurts out answers in class about five times a day. This lets the educator know that her intervention plan is working. If the child continued to blurt out answers 11 times per day, the same amount he did when she took the baseline measurement of his behavior, the teacher would know that she needs to come up with a different intervention method to correct the childs behavior. What to Do When a Behavior Modification Plan Fails Teachers and parents should consider alternatives when a behavior modification plan goes awry. Instead of using positive reinforcement alone to reduce the number of outbursts the child with ADHD has in class, perhaps the child also needs to face negative consequences for his outbursts. The teacher may determine that other modifications may need to be made to help the students behavior problems. Moving the child away from a particular student may help if its determined that the classmate is egging the child on. Or perhaps the child is seated in the back of the classroom and feels that shouting is the only way for him to be heard. A school counselor or ?psychologist might be able to provide more insight into the root of the childs behavior problems.

To Believe or Not to Believe, Modern Urban Legends Essay

To Believe or Not To Believe Modern Urban Legends nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many people have heard the tale of the dotty grandmother who tried to dry off her damp poodle by placing it in the microwave oven. The dog exploded, sad to say the least , and Grandma has never been quite the same since. The story is not true; it is an urban legend, circulating by word of mouth since the 1970s (Brunvand, 108). Urban legends are popular stories alleged to be true and transmitted from person to person by oral or written communication. Legends tend to arise spontaneously and are rarely traceable to a single point of origin. They spread primarily from individual to individual through various communication, and only in atypical cases through mass†¦show more content†¦The baby alligator gets sucked through the piping of the building and eventually ends up in the sewer where it survives on eating rats and other garbage (Brown, 127). A person is more likely to believe the tale if the storyteller gives them juicy details of a child they know getting chased by one while playing in the disgusting muck, rather than saying they heard it in a coffee shop down the street. In the case of a non-cautionary legend, someone may believe the story just because it is humorous, and they are completely amazed that such a thing has occurred. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The details of a good urban legend will keep the listener on the edge of his or her seat. quot;It is human nature to want to spread this feeling to others, and be the one whos got everyone wanting to hear how the story turns outquot; (Harris, 3). Even if it is a made-up joke, they may want to personalize it by claiming it happened to a friend. Another reason urban legends are so convincing is the thought that the horrendous tale happened to a quot;friend of a friend.quot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The life of an urban legend does rely mostly on the details contained within it to give the story the interest it needs in order to be passed along to someone else, but there is something else that lies underneath the success of the legend. Anyone can brush off a story from aShow MoreRelatedTo Believe or Not to Believe, Modern Urban Legends1509 Words   |  7 PagesTo Believe or Not To Believe Modern Urban Legends Many people have heard the tale of the dotty grandmother who tried to dry off her damp poodle by placing it in the microwave oven. The dog exploded, sad to say the least , and Grandma has never been quite the same since. The story is not true; it is an urban legend, circulating by word of mouth since the 1970s (Brunvand, 108). Urban legends are popular stories alleged to be true and transmitted from person to person by oral or written communicationRead More The Impact of Urban Legends Throughout History and Around the World1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Urban Legends Throughout History and Around the World Urban legends have always intrigued me. I am unsure if it is the scare factor that intrigues me, the way in which some of them are told, or some of the lessons that are supposed to be taken from them but one thing I know for sure is that I do not stand alone in this belief. In fact urban legends are told all over the world, even in countries that many have never heard of before. Many people of all backgrounds find them toRead MoreUrban Legends Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Groll American Society: Urban Legends in the Classroom What is it about America that causes students and people to crave an education? Could it be the intense pressures of society, or could it even be the simple fact that we want to educate ourselves? For centuries people were fine with being un-educated and life was simple and laid back, but when John Cotton (a noted Puritan Minister) established the first public school in America, people began to eat it up. And thus wasRead MoreThe Wolves During Pre Columbian And Mesoamerican Times1677 Words   |  7 PagesAmericas before the European conquerors came had various forms of economic, social, and political organization. Some had developed large urban societies and others just practiced a simple form of life with agriculture and as hunter-gatherers. The Aztecs and Mayans were two very large civilizations in Mesoamerica (central and southern modern Mexico) who developed urban societies. In these societies, the construction of complex irrigation systems and the application of agricultu ral techniques favored theRead MoreInfluence Of Urban Legends On Various Art Forms Of 21st Century3442 Words   |  14 PagesSummer Project On ‘Influence of Urban Legends on Various Art forms Of 21st Century ’ In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Award of Degree of B.A. Hons. English - 3 Submitted By: Supervised By: Annant Gaur Dr. Smita Mishra A0706113077 Asst. Professor Amity Institute of English Studies and Research AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH India DECLARATION Date: 30.7.2014 I, Annant Gaur, student of B.A. HonsRead MoreBigfoot : An Urban Myth Or The Missing Legend Of The Human Revolution?1317 Words   |  6 PagesIs Bigfoot an urban myth or the missing legend of the human revolution? For many years, Sasquatch, or more commonly known as Bigfoot have become one of the most popular mysteries known on the face of Earth. The ape-like creature was a well-known legend in the 19th century that was described to be a large, dark hairy beast that stands approximately seven to fourteen feet tall, weighing in at more than thirty-five to a thousand pounds with features like an ape. Some scientists believe that Bigfoot isRead MoreThe Trojan War : History Not Myth1545 Words   |  7 PagesSam Urban THEA 240-09 Professor Banerji Final First Draft The Trojan War, History not Myth The Trojan War is described as one of histories most legendary battles. This battle is told to have lasted ten years, resulting in the eventual collapse of Troy, under the siege of Greek forces. Modern knowledge of the Trojan War has survived mainly through the account given in Homer’s Illiad, and while having proved to be a rich source of inspiration for other writers, artists, and even filmmakers in recentRead MoreCan Teens Withstand Media s Influence Of Substances?1174 Words   |  5 PagesErikson states in the teenage developments it’s a fight between identity and role confusion , society conditions the mind of a teenager and causes chaos between identity and their roles. In this essay it will be proven that in the case of teenagers, modern day society portrays ideologies of substance abuse through media, the economy and gender. According to Oxford substance abuse is the â€Å"overindulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance, especially alcohol or drugs.† An example of substanceRead More Cannibalism Essay examples714 Words   |  3 PagesAfrica, since these were the primary continents subjected to European killing and conquest sprees from the Middle Ages through modern times. Despite what anyone says, there are documented examples of cannibalistic cultures and practices. It was usually a spiritual ritual. In some cases, the bodies of enemies were consumed in order to absorb the enemies strength. Believe it or not were all descended from cannibals. Recent genetic studies revealed that almost all humans have genes designed to provideRead MoreCollective Behavior Theories1765 Words   |  8 Pagestemporarily insane within a crowd and then return to normal when they leave the situation. The contagion refers to a rapidly spreading infection. People become engaged in collective behavior and the p ath of activity spreads over a certain area. The first modern theory of collective behavior used contagion to describe how the behavior spread from person to person like some kind of disease or infection. LeBon thought that crowds changed people. He believed â€Å"members of the crowd are reduced to the level of

The Life of Kate Chopin - 1083 Words

The life of Kate Chopin Kate Chopin led a fascinating life filled with times of triumph but also times of great loss. Living in the South during the post-Civil War era, the setting and experiences of her life would have a great impact on the subjects of her writing. Chopin began writing as a way to express her frustration with life. This is why her emotions about life are conveyed so strongly in her writing. One of her short stories, Juanita, is an excellent example of how Chopins life affected her writing. The story of Juanita is that of a young woman who, though not incredibly beautiful, had many admirers. The people of her small town gossiped continually about which man she would marry. Would it be the man†¦show more content†¦Juanita, on the other hand, did think of love. When she felt love for the poor one-legged man, she faced an important decision. As with many of Chopins female protagonists, Juanita was strong enough to choose her happiness over the constraints of society. Juanita has turned her broad back upon the whole race of masculine bipeds, and lavishes the wealth of her undivided affections upon the one-legged man. (Chopin 88) Fox-Genovese believes that during this consistent search for a sense of who she was, Kate Chopin developed a certain understanding of the complexities of the human soul. With Chopin the dark crannies of the human soul were part of what it is to be human. It was part of her war against platitudes, it was part of her sense that theres no true beauty without complexity (and) conflict. (Fox-Genovese) Chopin refused to accept the stereotypes of the Hallmark Card view of life. (Fox-Genovese) She believed that life does not exist without friction; it is human nature to cause these clashes. In Juanita, Chopin shows a wicked side of societys soul when the townspeople dismiss the one-legged man and pay no attention to him until Juanita becomes interested in him. Society creates conflict when it sets limitations on individuals, and then the individuals (in this case Juanita and the one-legged man) defy these limitations. To Chopin, the examination of these intricate interactions between peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Life and Works of Kate Chopin1569 Words   |  6 PagesKate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the conflict between the social traditio nal requirementsRead MoreKate Chopin s Life And Feminism1281 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s Life and Works- Feminism Kate Chopin, born on February 8th, 1850, was a progressive writer in the midst of a conservative and unequal time. She exposed the unfair undertones of society in such a way that made people outrage and condemn some of her works. However, in the early 1900s, her works were examined again and people started to listen to her ideas. One of these main motifs that Chopin’s works kept bringing up were feminism and equality. In The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, a radicalRead MoreIn The Life And Writings Of Kate Chopin And Mary E. Freeman,1343 Words   |  6 PagesIn the life and writings of Kate Chopin and Mary E. Freeman, how can you see the obvious cry for women to have an equal status in a man’s world? Chopin and Freeman lived in a time when men dominated women; a woman’s job was to marry, have a home, and raise children. Women were their husband’s property and law did not protect them if they were abused. (Plaza) Owning land, making financial decisions, and voting was among the many things women could not do. Freeman and Chopin both used their literaryRead MoreA life without Freedom in Kate Chopin ´s The Story of an Hour Essay examples849 Words   |  4 Pages Kate Chopin’s short story titled â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows us in a number ways that life without freedom is no life at all. In the story, a nineteenth century women named Mrs. Mallard finds out about her husband’s death. She has heart disease so Josephine, Mrs. Mallard’s sister, tries to break the bad news to her as calmly as possible. After hearing the news, Mrs. Mallard’s unpredictable reaction shocks us the readers as well as the characters in the story. Instead of feeling theRead MoreThe Life of a Woman After Man â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! She kept whispering†(705). Kate Chopin1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of a Woman After Man â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! She kept whispering†(705). Kate Chopin installs illumination of hope for all women with her short tale of a woman’s realization of life A.H (after husband). In The story of an Hour, shortly after her husband is claimed dead a woman realizes that life without the constraints of marriage and a husband could be liberating. Chopin writes in the 19th century of culminating controversial topics. The Story of an Hour unravels in the time span of anRead MoreKate Chopin s Story Of The Hour Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin was an American author who wrote two novels that got published and at least a hundred short stories. In Kate’s short story The Story of the Hour she uses some of her traumatic event that happened in her lifespan in the short story even though it the story is fictional. A lot of her fictions were set in Louisiana and her best-known works focused on the lives of sensitive intelligent women. One-third of Mrs. Chopin ’s stories are children’s stories. A lot of Mrs. Chopin’s novels were forgottenRead MoreThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreThe Unique Style Of Kate Chopin s Writing1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe unique style of Kate Chopin’s writing has influenced and paved the way for many female authors. Although not verbally, Kate Chopin aired political and social issues affecting women and challenging the validity of such restrictions through fiction. Kate Chopin, a feminist in her time, prevailed against the notion that a woman’s purpose was to only be a housewife and nothing more. Kate Chopin fortified the importance of women empowerment, self-expression, self-assertion, and female sexuality throughRead MoreA Brief Note On Kate Chopin s Chopin 1642 Words   |  7 PagesMaddy Mummey Mrs. Corby AP English 12 20 April 2015 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a successful author of numerous short stories and novels during her life; many critics refer to her as a forerunner author of the 20th century (Kate). Throughout Chopin s life and the many experiences she endured, she grew a great sense of respect and empowerment towards women. However, she is not categorized as a feminist or a suffragist (Kate). Chopin insistently supported the revolutionary notion that women wereRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin1649 Words   |  7 Pageslike writers in present day, Kate Chopin was a writer who wrote to reflect obstacles and instances occurring within her time period. Writing about personal obstacles, as well as issues occurring in the time period she lived, Chopin proved to be distinctive upon using her virtue. Kate Chopin was a determined individual, with true ambition and ability to produce writings that reflected women on a higher pedestal than they were valued in her time. â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin is a short story written to

The definition of the genre of the Bible Free Essays

John The genre of this book is gospel. The key theme of John is Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and he is the one who gives everlasting life. Key characters in this book are Jesus, John the Baptist, Lazarus, and Mary Magdalene. We will write a custom essay sample on The definition of the genre of the Bible or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first part of John tells of Jesus’ ministry and teachings. John tells of how Jesus performed miracles such as healing the lame and blind and bringing Lazarus back from death. The story of the feeding of the five thousand is also mentioned in John. In chapters 13-17 John tells of Jesus’ time just before his death and resurrection. Here, Jesus prays for His disciples and for Himself. The last part of the book tells of the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Here, He is crucified on the cross after being trialed and convicted illegally. Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene after arising from His tomb. He also appears to His disciples. Acts The genre of this book is narrative. The key theme of Acts is showing the reader how believers in Jesus were empowered by the Holy Ghost to spread His Word throughout the world. Key characters are Paul, Peter, John, Stephen, Timothy, and James. The author of Acts is Luke. The beginning chapters tell of the Church starting from infancy. Peter delivers a wonderful sermon to the Jews. As a result, three thousand people accepted Christ as their Savior. The apostles start spreading the Word to different areas. Luke tells of how Stephen is falsely accused and stoned to death. The Apostle Paul (originally named Saul) has a life altering experience while traveling to Damascus. Before being convicted by the Holy Spirit, Paul oppressed early Christians. The last parts of Acts tell of the gospel being spread to the Gentiles. Paul travels to Macedonia with Silas to spread the gospel. Paul then travels to Jerusalem and gets arrested and is imprisoned. Hebrews The genre of this book is epistle. The purpose of Hebrews was to show Christians that Jesus Christ was perfect and greater than anything Judaism had to offer. The author wrote Hebrews to a group of Christians that were debating returning back to Judaism and reverting back to their old ways. Unlike other books in the New Testament, Hebrews brings focus on the Old Testament. In early chapters of Hebrews, the author presents to the reader the power of the Word. He also tells that,† faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen†(11:1) The author gives us great examples of the faithful people from the Old Testament and tells of having faith in Jesus is the basis of our salvation. The author conveys to the recipients of Hebrews that straying away from faith will have consequences and that they not turn away from the Truth. James The genre of this book is epistle. The purpose of James was to encourage Jewish believers to live great Christian lives and to continue growing in faith. The key characters in James are himself and Jewish Christians. James teaches the relationship between faith and works and how faith should be put into action. He states that we should not only listen to the Word but be doers of the Word and that good works are not the cause of salvation. Good works are the result of salvation. He tells the believers that everyone is a sinner and if even one of the Ten Commandments is broken, then all are broken. James then instructs that we should submit to God and serve Him and to turn away from evil. He ends the letter telling us to be patient in suffering and to pray for one another. He also expresses to us the importance of living in faith. Revelation The genre of this book is apocalyptic. The purpose of Revelation is to give hope to all of us and to continue to watch for the return of the King. It also gives of warning of the Final Judgment and what nonbelievers will have to endure. The author of Revelation is John. He explains how an angel comes to him in a vision instructing him to send letters to seven churches about his revelation. The book tells of how the final days will be on earth and how there will be an Anti-Christ that will rule until God throws him into the Lake of Fire. John tells of plagues that will be cast onto the world and he speaks of the final resting place of the non-believer. They will show the wrath of God’s judgment on the wicked. Lastly, John describes  the New Heaven and the New Jerusalem. There will be no tears, crying, or death! How to cite The definition of the genre of the Bible, Papers

Security features in place in custodial care free essay sample

Throughout this assignment I will be describing the existing security features in place in custodial care and explaining why we need them.There are three different types of security in custodial care, these are: Physical, Dynamic and procedural. Physical: these are the physical restrictions that stop people from escaping or going where they shouldn’t, these objects include locks, bars, fences, gates, patrolling officers and security checkpoints. These restrictions reduce contraband flow, enforce discipline and prevent escape, if we didn’t have these restrictions then custodial care would be futile with inmates having the ability to leave as they choose. However, if they decided not to leave then the prison would become corrupt as contraband could flow easily throughout the prison. Finally, prison violence would increase as without bars and locks there would be nothing to stop prisoners from attacking each other.Dynamic: this is the role of the prison officers, taking care of normal daily activities, movement of individuals, domestic visits, constructive regimes and intelligence systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Security features in place in custodial care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important to have prison officers that have a good relationship with the prisoners as it makes it easier to communicate and gain the respects of the inmates. Having this relationship will reduce violence and promote good behavior. On the other hand, it is also the officers that are responsible for controlling situations and have a few pieces of equipment on them such as batons, pepper sprays and hand cuffs to detain inmates. If we didn’t have any of the above, then the morale of inmates would be lower and could result in more violence towards other inmates or officers.Procedural: these procedural security features include identifying possible security risks, dealing with physical risks and isolating them, ensuring all documentation is present and completed and sorting the inmates into appropriate security levels based on their risk. These levels of security include the following; high security, Category B, Category C, open prisons, female establishment, young offenders. To explain, in sequential order, the higher the security the less free time that the prisoners have and the fewer number of privileges. In contrast, the lower the security the more free time and privileges available to them. In addition , some inmates are able to have tv’s in their rooms, however if they break the prison rules then privileges like this can be removed, one such example of this is from the 1979 film escape from Alcatraz where a inmate called Doc has his painting privileges revoked after breaking the rules which leads him to cut off his finger. Similar situations happen in the real world when privileges are revoked. To conclude, if we didn’t have these procedures in place then high risk inmates would be housed with low risk inmates which could call implications.One of the biggest problems in prisons today is contraband and to reduce that prison searches are key to removing contraband before it enters the system.The first type of search is a pat down search, when doing a pat down search, the objective is to find hidden contraband on someone’s person, but you must be respectful and considerate of people’s body and personal items and for this reason a pat down search must be done by an officer of the same gender. The search consists of the prisoner facing away from the officer and lifting their arms perpendicular their body so that the officer can run their hands over the prisoner’s arms, back and down the legs. The guard will wear protective gloves while doing this so that they don’t get st abbed by anything. The officers are mainly looking for offensive weapons and drugs. If anything is seen, then the guard will have to take it and write a report. However, if it is something small like a stolen apple then the officers will just take it and let the prisoner go.The next type of search is the electronic wand which will pick up on metals and will alert the officer if it identifies anything. However, the wand can give false reading or not pick up certain metals if the wand cannot detect the metal or the inmate has had metal put in for operations in the past. On the other hand, visitors must walk through an electronic walk through to ensure they don’t bring any metal or offensive weapons into the prisons. If the do not consent to any searches, then they are not allowed to enter the prison, the same applies with staff as the staff can be corrupted to carry in drugs for high profile inmates.The third and final search is a cell search

Neptune essays

Neptune essays Neptunes surface is very different than most of the planets surfaces. Neptune has a rocky inner core, which is completely surrounded by water. Its atmosphere is made up of seventy-four percent hydrogen, twenty-five percent helium, and one-percent methane. The Climate Neptune has a very frigid climate. The water surrounding Neptunes core is freezing cold. Neptune also has the highest recorded wind in the whole solar system. The winds were reported at over 2,000 kilometers per hour. The storms that occur on Neptune move very quickly. The atmosphere on Neptune is so cold that some of the clouds are actually frozen water. Contrary to what many people believe, Saturn isnt the only planet with rings. Neptune, along with many other planets, has rings also. Neptunes rings are narrow and contain concentrations of particles called ring arcs. The rings are made of dark matter and scientists do not know exactly what they are made of. One system of rings has an unusual arrangement which is somewhat twisted. Scientists think that these rings are twisted because the original material of the rings was in clumps that formed streaks as the material orbited Neptune. The rings around Neptune are so faint that when the satellite, The Voyager, took pictures of it, the brightness of the planet mad it so the rings were almost impossible to see. Like most planets, Neptune was named after a Roman god. Neptune was the god of water. Neptune, the planet, was named after the god Neptune because of its blue color. Neptunes largest moon was named after Triton, the god of the sea and Neptunes son. Since Neptune is the eighth planet away from the sun it is very hard to see even if you are using a telescope. Because the planet Plutos orbit is quite random, Neptune is sometimes the ninth planet away from the sun making the view e ...

Act 2 of Reasons to Be Pretty

Act 2 of Reasons to Be Pretty Reasons to Be Pretty is a hard-edged comedy written by Neil LaBute. It is the third and final installment of a trilogy. The trio of plays (which also include The Shape of Things and Fat Pig) are connected not by characters or plot but by the recurring theme of body image within American society. Reasons to Be Pretty premiered on Broadway in 2008. It was nominated for three Tony Awards (Best Play, Best Leading Actress, and Best Leading Actor). The following is a summary and analysis of the events in Act Two. Read the synopsis and character outline of Act One. Scene One - After the Break Up Act Two of Reasons to Be Pretty begins in the lobby of a restaurant. Steph and Greg unexpectedly encounter each other. Steph is on a date, and the former couple awkwardly make small talk, attempting to be pleasant. The conversation segues to nostalgia for their good times together, which then transitions into the familiar argument about body image and their break up. She smacks him, then just as suddenly tries to apologize. However, Greg has had enough. He tells her that her date will eventually hurt her feelings too, and that he wont be there to help her. Somehow, they cool down and wish each other well on their lives without one another. Scene Two Carly visits Greg (who is yet again reading some classic literature). He comments that has not seen Kent lately. After trying to flatter him, Carly then wants to ask him an important question about Kent. Before the question, Carly reveals that she is three months pregnant. She suspects that Kent is cheating on her. At first, Greg contends that he does not believe that Kent is unfaithful. Carly continues to pressure him, asking Greg to look her in the eye and say he doesnt know anything. She asks if Greg was out with Kent and girls, but Greg lies and says that it was just guys from work. This relieves Carly for the time being. She tells him: I dont know why God made it so hard for us to trust you guys but he did, and it sucks. Scene Three Greg and Kent prepare for work-related softball game. Kent says that he expects Carly to hit the gym the day after the baby is born. He thanks Greg for covering up his affair, and begins to recount his recent sexual exploits with Crystal, the hot girl from the office. Greg tries to explain that he no longer lie about Kents affair. This irks Kent, who feels that Greg is being judgmental. He repeatedly calls Greg a pussy. Greg tries to get the upper hand, hinting that he might tell Carly the truth, but Kent believes that he is bluffing. He claims that Greg would never tell because he is afraid of people disliking him. Kent bullies him, wrestles him to the ground, and then calls his ex-girlfriend ugly. Greg finally stands up to Kent, not just because he is obnoxious, not just because he is an adulterer, and not just because of his comments about Steph. Before he beats Kent up, Greg explains that he is doing it Because you need it, okay? For who you are and what you have done, and for all the sh*t you will no doubt perpetrate for the rest of your life. After over-powering his ex-friend, Greg leaves Kent, who fumes in rage. Scene Four Carly and Greg are hanging out in the break room. She chats about her pregnancy. In hopes of showing Carly the truth about her husband, Greg strongly suggests that she takes the evening off and go home to her husband. She follows his advice. Although we never see the confrontation between Carly and Kent, it is implied that Carly will discover the truth about her husbands affair, and will move onto a new chapter in her life. Immediately after Carly leaves, Stephanie stops by to share the news: she is engaged to be married. Steph has become a manager at her hair salon. Greg has plans to go to college, realizing that he doesnt want to work at a warehouse for the rest of his life. Steph admits that she cannot stop thinking about Greg, yet at the same time believes that she will be much happier with her soon-to-be husband. Greg apologizes and is very understanding. He emphasizes that she has a pretty face, making her feel better. He also admits that he is simply drifting, and that their four years together may never have turned into marriage. She leaves, but not before kissing him good bye one last time. Although they do not rekindle the relationship, the characters in Reasons to Be Pretty represent a rather optimistic view on relationships and young, middle class Americans. In comparison to the protagonist in Fat Pig, Greg exhibits both courage and selflessness by the end of the play.

Final Class Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final Class Project - Assignment Example Another element of ethics that nurses failed to observe is the principle of Non-malfeasance, which means shying away from causing any harm to the patients (Guido, 2010). Nurses are expected to illustrate a high level of competence in order to avoid any injures or suffering to the ailing patients. This principle also comprises the reporting of the nurses that fail to adhere to the ethics and laws of nursing, and, those suspected of going against the nursing rules are nullified. Nurses also failed to adhere to the rules of Autonomy. This principle deals with independence and the capability to have self- direction. This means that patients are given the right towards self-determination. In this case, patients have a right to know how they are fairing and therefore, have a right to either accept or deny treatment (Guido, 2010). The rights of the patients must be respected. Finally, according to the principle of justice, patients should receive treatment fairly and equitably. This means t hat nurses should spend ample time with patients and offer absolute attention to the satisfaction of the patients. In addition to the ethical issues, nurses had a legal obligation to this patient. The presence of law in nursing practice is to ascertain that both the nurses and patients are protected from any victimization or malpractices that may compromise their profession or health respectively. In other words, nurses show competence, safety and holistic care towards their patients. In addition, they are expected to render absolute care through principles of reasonable and prudence and show some clinical competency (Guido, 2010). Was there a deviation from the standards of care in this instance? Explain It is the role and responsibility of the nurses to ensure that patients receive maximum care in terms of their health. Based on this case, nurses seem to have deviated from the standards as prescribed by the principles of nursing and care. These nurses failed to show any concern on the patient yet he had admittance in their clinic. It is the responsibility of the nursing profession to owe similar duties to self and to patients, including the obligation to maintain integrity and safety, in maintaining competence and endure with individual and professional growth. However, the nurses expected to demonstrate care to the patients failed to show any sign of integrity and due care when they left the patient unattended to, and this may have led to his death (Ganske, 2010, Sept.). Another standard of care that nurses failed to adhere to is the standard of moral self respect. Moral esteem accords value and self-respect to every human being regardless their individual attributes or even circumstances in their lives. Nurses should extend such esteem towards themselves and also to the patients. In our case scenario, nurses deviated from demonstrating any form of integrity towards the patient and instead abandoned him to die in agony. As much as denying them self-esteem, such a behavior demoralizes their personal values and integrity in the nursing profession. What elements of negligence/ malpractice are demonstrated in this case? Explain Malpractice comprises the wrongful conducts demonstrated by a professional person. It also involves discharge of unacceptable professional roles or even the failure to adhere to the principle of proper care which

Linguistics_Positioning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Linguistics_Positioning - Essay Example In fact Warren Mashall's admissions have a phenomenal effect on the reader. It's mostly because of him that the reader initially develops a soft corner for Justin. It is rather interesting to note that in a father-son relationship the odds are in Justin's favor which is contrary to normal depiction of family life these days. Kevin Phillips, the lawyer, on the other hand has to jog down memory lane to recollect a character sketch and case history of Justin. His positioning of Justin is of a wannabe alpha male, a man who is willing to knock down some one because he suspects that they hurled abuse about his girlfriend. But Kevin does seem to generalize the case and his assessment of Justin is rather generic. To him Justin is just another case and according to him brawls like this do happen among young drunken men with raging hormones, especially when they happen to be rugby players. Thus even a cursory reading of Kevin's account of the case reveals some inconsistencies with the rest of the narrative. Justin confesses that he is not sure if Mathias ever did say anything to provoke him. In Justin's own words it could have been any one of the bystanders who could have chipped in. But on the contrary Kevin states it for fact that Justin was provoked which resulted in the ensuing brawl. The reader naturally doe sn't fully agree with Kevin's positioning of Justin because there is some room for doubt and the narrative that follows supports this view. Both the positionings are contrary to each other but are not worlds apart. The lawyer tends to generalize because for him this is everyday business. His assessment is based more on the crime and its legal implications and not so much on the client himself. Whereas the father gives a much better insight on the issue and is undoubtedly a much better source of judgment. Task B Positioning the Self Bar-room Brawl The self position in this excerpt is of a man who is at the ends of his nerves and who is simply fed up with the sort of attitude that people are giving him because of his career decision. By the end of the extract, in his own words, Justin snaps at this guy because he has had enough of the wisecracks. But on a parallel plane he is also remorseful of what he did because the guy he hit might not have said anything at all. So to sum it up Justin's self positioning is that of a man who is fed up and pretty much on the brink. No Animosity The self positioning in this part of the narrative is of a lot more toned down person, a person who is in remorse and regret over what he did. His character has shifted to a much more open person and a man changed by his circumstances and experience; the experience being a serious threat of spending significant time in jail. But apart from all this he is a true sportsman because he now respects the man he hit. This is mainly because he now believes that he may have wrongfully hit Mathias. Kevin respects Mathias for not destroying his career because at that time of the incident Mathias was in a position to do so. Thus the shift in self positioning is evident from a person looking for trouble to a person who regrets having done what he did. It is remarkable to see how the narrative plays with Justin's character and the phenomenal shift in his self perception is pretty much evident to the

Sarah Baartman and Sandra Laing

Sarah Baartman and Sandra Laing Mackenzie Dickson The lives of Sarah Baartman and Sandra Laing were heavily complicated due to colonialism, followed by pseudo-scientific ideas concerning their gender and race. Sarah Baartmans true identity is still unknown; even her real name is still a mystery. Sometime during the 19th century Baartman arrived in England and was dubbed The Venus Hottentot by the media and attendees of the inhumane circus-like act that Baartman was forced to perform. Baartmans life was controlled and ruined by whitemangaze, leading her to become a commodity- not a person. Whitemangaze is the westernized perception of Black women as objects and commodities, entities viewed exclusively through the prism of- either the lure or repulsion of- their corporeality (Werbanowska, 19). The film Black Venus makes an effort to depict the range of reactions of the white male-dominated crowd, from disgust to attraction. The crowd was even encouraged to physically assault Baartman. Baartman was not a person; she was a victim of colonialism employed by western culture that ultimately led to the reduction of all non-white women to the role of (not necessarily sexual) objects. The fetishizat ion and otherization that Baartman suffered as a result of colonialism steams from need for superiority (19). The use of pseudo-science was used to establish this sense of superiority desired among westerners; white people wanted to hear that Africans were biologically unequal to Europeans. In 1816, Parisian scientists declared Baartman was the missing link separating beast from man (Spies, 2). She, along with other non-white people, was viewed as a savage from a world populated by grotesque monsters- fat-arsed females, blood-thirsty warriors, pre-verbal pinheads, midgets and geeks (Werbanowska, 19). Parisian zoologist Georges Cuvier dissected Baartmans corpse and preserved her genitalia, spine, and brain out of scientific curiosity and potential obsession. As demonstrated in the opening scene of Black Venus, Cuvier provided pseudo-scientific evidence to connect Baartman with apes and baboons, focusing on Baartmans bottom, skull, and her preserved genitalia- which he subsequently passes around the room. Moreover, comparing African women with primitive animals such as apes and baboons speaks to the European fantasy of the ignoble savage whose assumed lack of acculturation implies all sorts of uncivilized sexual behaviors (20). Pseudo-science performed by white men like Cuvier enforced the stereotype that African women are savage sexual beasts, who are commodities rather than an individual. The current day Venus Hottentots can be seen throughout the media; theyre called video vixens. Typically, video vixens are attractive, young, black, females that fall victim to the same fetishization and exploitation that Baartman faced in the 19th century. Baartmans story has become synonymous with a past of sexual exploitation, lasciviousness, and likewise, that has presented opportunity for ruminating on the phenomenon of young black women play the roles of video vixen or ghetto chicks' (Henderson, 528-529). Baartman and current day video vixens function under the colonial and patriarchal gaze which perceived them almost exclusively through the prism of their race and gender (Werbanowska, 26). Some video vixens interviewed in the VH1 Documentary Sexploitation on the Set insist they are not being exploited; rather, they are using their body as a form of empowerment. It is undisputable that video vixens are a commodity; they are selling their body and their image in order to gain pr ofit and recognition. The black females who take rolls as video vixens are exploited the same way Sarah Baartman was. They are oppressed because of their race and gender, than transformed into a commodity by profiting from exposing their bodies. In 1966, young Sandra Laings race was called into question by the Race Classification Board in South Africa; Laing was about ten at the time. In the first episode of the series, The Power of an Illusion, race is described as a clear distinction among humans; genes do not have to be closely looked at to determine an individuals race. This was not the case for Laing, who was born from two white parents but had darker skin- thus, appearing black. The film, Skin, depicts the troubles Laing suffered through a time of racial segregation (Apartheid) and lack of legitimate science. Similar to Baartmans story, race is a societal construct used to place non-whites lower in the hierarchal structure, which leads to a life with or without resources, privilege and power (Younge, 106). Pseudo-sciences used to prove/disprove Laings race was based on her physical appearance. As demonstrated in the film, the members of the RCB inspect Laings hair, bottom, and mouth. Another researcher offered the expl anation of a genetic throwback, meaning Sandras white parents carried African genes. This was the only viable explanation for Laings skin color, but the courts found it absurd (Skin). The fact of the matter is that race is a biological myth, but it was believed that race was rooted in biology, and linked to other, more complex internal differences. Like athletic ability. Musical aptitude. Intelligence (Race- The Power of an Illusion). In the end, Sandra was ruled legally white. Despite being legally white, Sandra was shunned by other white people. After finding solace in black communities, Sandra faced legal regulations that prevented her from furthering her life because she was legally white. The forced racial categorization certainly complicated Sandras life. Works Cited Black Venus. Directed by Abdellatif Kechiche , MK2, 2010. Film. Episode One: The Difference Between Us. Race- The Power of an Illusion, directed by  Christine Herbes-Sommers, California Newsreel, 2003. Television. Henderson, Carol E. African American Review. African American Review, vol. 44, no. 3,  2011, pp. 528-530., www.jstor.org/stable/23316222. Sexploitation on the Set. VH1 Video Vixen Documentary. VH1, 2005. Television.   Skin. Directed by Anthony Fabian, BBC Films, 2008. Film. Spies, Bertha M. Saartjie. African Arts. 2nd ed. Vol. 47. Regents of the U of California, 2014.   Print. Werbanowska, Marta. Reclaiming the Commodified Body: The Stories of Saartjie Baartman  and Josephine Baker in the Poetry of Elizabeth Alexander. Ethos: A Digital Review of Arts, Humanities, and Public Ethics. Ed. Katherine Walker and Benjamin Mangrum. Ethos, 2014. 18-32. Google Scholar. Web. Younge, Gary. The Margins and the Mainstreams. Museums, Equality, and Social Justice. Ed.  Richard Sandell and Eithne Nighingale. Routledge, 2013. Google Scholar. Web.

Back in the Day

Back in The Day I remember being a kid, and it was so fun. Just being yourself as one person, compared to what the kids do now. Living the in now moment, instead of looking into the future. I will talk about the â€Å"pre-teenagers† now as to when I was a â€Å"pre-teenager†. I’m not saying the children now are bad; it is just that times have really changed. Back in my prime, as a child, I loved playing in the outdoors. Could not get enough of it; I could stay outside all day, but I obviously couldn’t.If all I had was a ball I could find a way to play any type of game. In today’s world kids have all different new technology and devices; most don’t go outside and play unless they are forced to. They stay indoors on the weekend, when it is eighty-six degrees outside, and play computer games until it is time for supper. There is one good thing that comes with the kid’s technology; they have â€Å"games† that help them learn, and a lot of them. As to the only game we had on computers was Kid Pix, which was just a drawing board you could do things on.I also remember when I was little the technology was nothing compared to today, or what kids have now. I had a â€Å"Woody† doll from Toy Story, and you pulled his string so he would talk. As to young kids have talking babies and action figures without pulling a string. When I was younger you did chores because you felt you had to help out the family out in some way, or you did them because you were forced into doing them. Actually I loved washing, cleaning, and also drying dishes with my parents. It was almost like bonding time.My brother or I didn’t even think about back talking to my parents, or else we would have to go kneel in the corner for a certain amount of time. Boys and girls today, I don’t think they do chores for any reason, or do them at all. You can somewhat blame the parents for not being more strict, but some kids still wouldnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t do it. Another thing I had when I was little was hand-me-down clothes from my brother. I thought it was so cool finally being able to wear his clothes. That meant I was growing or getting as big as him.Kids today get new clothes all the time, whether to buy them for fun, buying clothes to follow their idols, or other reasons. The children have more of a variety of clothes today compared to the early two thousands or late nineteen-nineties. I think personally children have it way easier than I had it as a child, but every kid lives life better than his or her parents, or someone older than them. Every little person just needs to thank their parents everyday for everything they have in their life.

The Little-Known Secrets to Hypothesis Essay Samples

The Little-Known Secrets to Hypothesis Essay Samples Sometimes it is extremely hard to pick a single hypothesis from the ones which are coming into the writer's head. Before you turn in your assignment, you will want to check over it one final moment. Your aim is to find something that has to be testable, yet you're able to prove even before testing it. As a consequence, you get a terrific deal of free time and completed homework. Hypothesis Essay Samples Pros of choosing an inexpensive essay service Availability Everywhere on the web, you can get one or other essay support. The price generally varies based on the essay type. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. All essays will have a particular topic that's either one you choose or one which is provided for you. Short essays, as its name implies, ought to be concise and succinct. For instance, the price of a persuasive essay will differ from a proposal essay. Thesis hypothesis is principally applied, the moment the writer is needed to find out something new concerning the problem under consideration. Bear in mind an argumentative essay is based more on facts instead of emotion. Reviewing some narrative essay examples will be able to help you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. Remember that the period of your essay is based on the assignment offered to you. An outline helps to ensure that you've got the essential components to compose a wonderful essay. The middle part of your essay is collectively known as the body paragraphs. In a personalized dissertation a specific section of the paper is thought to be thesis hypothesis. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Hypothesis Essay Samples Such last-minute searching never becomes futile, which causes unfinished essay assignments and ends in a poor grade. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. Writing a persuasive essay can be difficult because you're not simply presenting the research materials that you've gathered but you're trying to influence your readers. Browsing our essay writing samples can offer you a sense whether the standard of our essays is the quality you're looking for. What's Really Going on with Hypothesis Essay Samples Bear in mind, h owever, that the hypothesis also must be testable since the next thing to do is to do an experiment to find out whether or not the hypothesis is ideal! If you're finding any connection between the variables, then the null hypothesis is going to be the default position that there is not any association between them. The null hypothesis is very good for experimentation as it's easy to disprove. It cannot be accepted but the only failure can be made in rejecting it. Thus, let's restate the hypothesis to make it simple to assess the data. The purpose is to test your hypothesis. It's a lot simpler to disprove a hypothesis. Likewise the hypothesis needs to be written before beginning your experimental proceduresnot after the actuality. It is a critical part of any scientific exploration. Your hypothesis isn't the scientific question in your undertaking.

Evaluation Of Alternative Volatility Forecasting Methods - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3539 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? For many financial market applications, including option pricing and investment decisions, volatility forecasting is crucial. Therefore, the research of volatility forecasting has been an active area of study since the past years. In recent years, the emergence of many financial time series methods for volatility forecasting has proved the importance of understanding the nature of volatility in any financial instruments. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evaluation Of Alternative Volatility Forecasting Methods" essay for you Create order Often, people will think à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"priceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is used as an indicator of the stock market performance. Due to the non-stationary nature of price series of the stock market, most researchers actually transformed series of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"price change (return)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"absolute price changes (absolute return)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in their studies. There is a difference between the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"returnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"volatilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"volatilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is used as a crude measure of the total risk of financial assets. Actually, volatility is the standard deviation or the variance of returns whereas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"returnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is merely the changes of prices. An increasingly commonly adopted tool for the measurement of the risk exposure associated with a particular portfolio of assets known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Value at Riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (VaR) in volves calculation of the expected losses that might result from changes in the market prices of particular securities (Jorion, 2001; Bessis, 2002). Thus, the VaR of a particular portfolio is defined as the maximum loss on a portfolio occurring within a specified time and with a given (small) probability. Under this approach, the validity of a bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s internally modeled VaR is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"backtestedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by comparing actual daily trading gains or losses with the estimated VaR and noting the number of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"exceptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ occurring, in the sense of days when the VaR estimate was insufficient to cover actual trading losses, with concerns naturally arising where such exceptions frequently occur, and that can result in a range of penalties for the financial institution concerned (Saunders Cornett, 2003). A crucial parameter in the implementation of parametric VaR calculation methods is an estimate of the volatility parameter tha t describes the asset or portfolio, or more accurately a forecast of that volatility where the simplifying assumption of constancy is relaxed and time-varying volatility is acknowledged. While it has long been recognized that returns volatility exhibits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"clustering,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ such that large (small) returns follow large (small) returns of random sign (Mandelbrot, 1963; Fama, 1965), it is only following the introduction of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model (Engle, 1982; Bollerslev, 1986) that financial economists have modeled and forecast these temporal dependencies using econometric techniques, and a variety of adaptations of the basic GARCH framework are now widely used in modeling time-varying volatility. In particular, the significance of asymmetric effects in stock index returns has been widely documented, such that equity return volatility increases by a greater amount following positive shocks, usually associated with the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"leverage effect,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ whereby a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debt-to-equity ratio increases when equity values decline, and holders of that equity perceive future income streams of the firm as being more risky (Black, 1976; Christie, 1982). Such variance asymmetry has been successfully modeled and forecast in a variety of market contexts (Henry, 1998) using the threshold-GARCH (TGARCH) model (Glosten et al., 1993), and the exponential-GARCH (EGARCH) model (Nelson, 1991) in particular. Problem Statement While risk management practises in financial institutions often rely on simpler volatility forecasting approaches based on heuristics and moving average, smoothing or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"RiskMetricsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ techniques, symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models have also recently begun to be considered in the VaR context. However, the standard GARCH model and variants within that class of model impose rapid exponential decay in the effect of shocks on conditional variance. In contrast, empirical evidence has suggested that volatility tends to change slowly and that shocks take a considerable time to decay (Ding et al., 1993). The fractionally integrated-GARCH (FIGARCH) model (Baillie et al., 1996; Chung, 1999) has provided a popular means of capturing and forecasting such non-integrated but highly persistent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"long memoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ dynamics in volatility in the recent empirical literature, as well as its exponential (FIEGARCH) variant (Bollerslev Mikkelsen, 19 96) which parallels the EGARCH extension of the basic GARCH form, and therefore provides a generalization capable of capturing both the volatility asymmetry and long memory in volatility which are potential characteristics of emerging equity markets. Research Objectives This paper therefore seeks to extend previous research concerned with the evaluation of alternative volatility forecasting methods under VaR modeling in the context of the Basle Committee criterion for determining the adequacy of the resulting VaR estimates in two ways. First, by broadening the class of GARCH models under consideration to include more recently proposed models such as the FIGARCH and FIEGARCH representations described above, which are capable of accommodating potential fractional integration and the associated long memory characteristics of return volatility, as well as the more simple and computationally less intensive methods commonly used in financial institutions. Second, extending the scope of previous research through evaluative application of these methods to daily index data of nine stock market indexes. Significance of this study The extensive research of volatility forecasting plays an important role for investment, financial risk management, security valuation, and also business decision-making process. Without a proper forecasting tools and research on this field, many financial decision making process will be difficult and risky to be implemented. The positive contribution of volatility forecasting in the field of finance is no doubt a fact as it given many practitioners a mean of guidelines to estimate their management risk such as option pricing, hedging and estimating investment risk. Therefore, it is crucial to study on the performance of different approaches and methods of forecast model to determine the best suitable practical application for different situation. The most common form of financial instrument is the stock market. The stock indices consist of a particular countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s most prominent stocks. Thus, in this study our aim is to focus on forecasting the stock indices volatil ity of eight different stock indices that provide us the ability to test the forecast approaches. There are quite a number of forecast models since the recent years. However, the new concern is on the performance of these forecast model when incorporated with higher frequency data with the realized volatility method. There are still gap for researching the intra-day data effects on forecasting model which is comparative new as compared to daily data volatility forecasting. The significant role of this study also include whether intra-day data can really help at improving the performance of forecast model to estimate volatility for the stock index. Review of Chapters In this proposal, the report is mainly subdivided into three chapters. Chapter 1 is about the overview of this research which includes the background of the study, the research objective, problem statement, and the significance of this study. Chapter 2 presents the literature review of volatility forecasting, GARCH models, exponentially smoothing and realized volatility. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Volatility forecasting Volatility forecasts are produced by either market-based or time-series methods. Market-based forecasting involves the calculation of implied volatility from current option prices by solving the Black and Scholes option pricing model for the volatility that results in a price equal to the market price. In this paper, our focus is on the development of a new time series method. These methods provide estimates of the conditional variance, à Ã†â€™2t = var(rt | It-1), of the log return, rt, at time t conditional on It à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1, the information set of all observed returns up to time t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1. This can be viewed as the variance of an error (or residual) term, ÃŽÂ µt, defined by ÃŽÂ µt = rt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" E(rt | It à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1 ), where E(rt | It à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1 ) is a conditional mean term, which is often assumed to be zero or a constant. ÃŽÂ µt is often referred to as the price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“new sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. 2.2 Overview of standard volatility forecast model 2.2.1 GARCH model GARCH models (Engle, 1982; Bollersle, 1986) are the most widely used statistical models for volatility. GARCH models express the conditional variance as a linear function of lagged squared error terms and lagged conditional variance terms. For example, the GARCH(1, 1) model is shown in the following expression: à Ã†â€™2t = à Ã¢â‚¬ ° + ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ2t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1 + ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ Ã†â€™2t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1, where à Ã¢â‚¬ °, ÃŽÂ ±, and ÃŽÂ ² are parameters. The multiperiod variance forecast, , is calculated as the sum of the variance forecasts for each of the k periods making up the holding period: where is the one-step-ahead variance forecast. Empirical results for the GARCH(1, 1) model have shown that often ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  (1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ÃŽÂ ±). The model in which ÃŽÂ ² = (1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ÃŽÂ ±) is term integrated GARCH (IGARCH) (Nelson, 1990). Exponential smoothing has the same formulation as the IGARCH(1, 1) model wit h the additional restriction that à Ã¢â‚¬ ° = 0. The IGARCH(1, 1) multiperiod forecast is written as Stock return volatility is often found to be greater following a negative return than a positive return of equal size. This leverage effect has promted the development of a number of GARCH models that allow for asymmetry. The first asymmetric formulation was the exponential GARCH model of Nelson (1991). In this log formulation for volatility, the impact of lagged squared residuals is exponential, which may exaggerate the impact of large shocks. A simpler asymmetric model is the GJRGARCH model of Glosten et al. (1993). The GJRGARCH(1, 1) model is given by , where à Ã¢â‚¬ °, ÃŽÂ ±, ÃŽÂ ³, and ÃŽÂ ² are parameters; and I[.] is the indicator function. Typically, it is found that ÃŽÂ ± ÃŽÂ ³, which indicates the presence of the leverage effect. The assumption that the median of the distribution of ÃŽÂ µt is zero implies that the expectation of the indicator function is 0.5, which enables the derivation of the following multiperiod forecast expression: GARCH parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood, which requires the assumption that the standardized errors, ÃŽÂ µt / à Ã†â€™t, are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Although a Gaussian assumption is common, the distribution is often fat tailed, which has prompted the use of the Student-t distribution (Bollerslev, 1987) and the generalized error distribution (Nelson, 1991). Stochastic volatility models provide an alternative statistical volatility modelling approach (Ghysels et al., 1996). However, estimation of these models has proved dif ficult and, consequently, they are not as widely used as GARCH models. Andersen et al. (2003) show how daily exchange rate volatility can be forecasted by fitting long-memory, or fractionally integrated, autoregressive and vector autoregressive models to the log realized daily volatility constructed from half-hourly returns. Although results for this approach are impressive, such high frequency data are not available to many forecasters, so there is still great interest in methods applied to daily data. A useful review of the volatility forecasting literature is provided by Poon and Granger (2003). 2.2.2 Exponentially Smoothing Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) is simple and well-known volatility forecast method. The method is based on the simple average of past squared residuals to estimate its variance forecasts. The EWMA allows the latest observations to have a stronger weighted impact on the volatility forecast of past data observations. The equation for the EWMA is shown and written as exponential smoothing in recursive form. The ÃŽÂ ± parameter is the smoothing parameter. The equation: There is no proper guideline or statistic model for exponential smoothing. Generally, literature suggested using reduction in the sum of in-sample one-step-ahead estimation of errors (Taylor, 2004 cited from Gardner, 1985). In RiskMetrics (1996), volatility forecasting for exponential smoothing is recommended to use the following minimisation: In the above equation, ÃŽÂ µ2t is the in-sample squared error which acted as the proxy for actual variance whereby it is said to be not observable. By using ÃŽÂ µ2t as a proxy for variance, the actual squared residual, ÃŽÂ µ2t, is said to be biased and noisy. In Andersen et al. (1998), the research showed the evaluation of variance forecasts using realised volatility as a more accurate proxy. The next section would discuss more on the literature of realised volatility. The usage of high frequency data for realised volatility in forecast evaluation can be applied in parameter estimation for exponential smoothing with the following minimisation expression: . 2.2.3 Realised volatility The recent researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in using a comparative volatility estimator as an alternative has emerged a significant literatures on volatility models that incorporated high frequency data. One of the emerging theories for a comparative volatility estimator is the so called Realized Volatility. Realized volatility is referred as the volatility calculated using a short period time series or using higher frequency periods. In Andersen and Bollerslev (1998) showed that high frequency data can be used to compute daily realize volatility which showed a better true variance than the usual daily return variance. This concept is adopted in Andersen, Bollerslev, Diebold Labys (2003) to forecast the daily stock volatility which found that the additional intraday information are provide better result in forecasting low volume and up market day. The application of realized volatility has also been employed by Taylor (2004) in parameters estimation for weekly volatility fo recasting using realised volatility derived from daily data. An encouraging result were showed by using the smooth transition exponential smoothing method whereby the research used eight stock indices to compare the weekly volatility forecast of this method with other GARCH models (Taylor, 2004). The concept of realized volatility has been employed by many researchers in forecasting of many other financial assets such as foreign exchange rates, individual stocks, stock indices and etcetera. One of the early application of realized volatility concept has used spot exchange rates of Deutschemark-US dollar and Japanese Yen-US dollar to show the superiority of using intraday data as realized volatility measure. The sum of squared five-minute high frequency returns incorporated in the forecasting model proved to outperform the daily squared returns as a volatility measure (Andersen et al., 1998). Another similar study done by Martens (2001) has adopted realized volatility in forecasti ng daily exchange rate volatility using intraday returns. The results showed that using highest available frequency of intraday returns leads to superior daily volatility forecast. Furthermore, realized volatility approach has also been extended to studies for risk and return trade-off using high frequency data. In Bali et al. (2005), the research provided strong positive correlation between risk and return for stock market using high frequency data. The usage of daily realized which incorporated valuable information from intraday returns produce more accurate measure of market risk. In addition to this study, Tzang et al. (2009) as applied the realized volatility approach as a proxy for market volatility rather than squared daily returns to assess the efficiency of various model based volatility forecast. Finally, the findings from a research done by Andersen, Bollerslev, Diebold Labys (2001) shown that realized volatility in certain conditions is free for measurement error and unbiased estimator for return volatility. The proven research has prompted many recent works in forecasting intra-day volatility to applied realized volatility for their studies. This can be observed in McMillan Garcia (2009), Fuertes et al. (2009), Frijns et al.(2008) and Martens (2001). Many researchers exploit the advantage of realised volatility as an unbiased estimatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s measure for intra-day data and also as a simplified way to incorporated additional information into other forecast models. McMillan et al. (2009) utilised realised volatility to capture intraday volatilities itself as opposed to most researchers that uses realised volatility for daily realised approach. The study showed Hyperbolic Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasity (HYGARCH) as the best forecast model of intra-day volatility. 2.3 Forecast Models used in this study The forecast models that are presented in this study include: Random Walk (RW) 30 days Moving Average (MA30) Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) with =0.06 (RiskMetrics) Exponentially Smoothing with ÃŽÂ ± optimised (ES) Integrated General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic using daily data (IGARCH) Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (Riskmetrics) on daily realised volatility calculated from intraday data. (EWMA-RV) Exponentially Smoothing with ÃŽÂ ± optimised on daily realised volatility calculated from intraday data. (ES-RV) General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model with intraday data using realised volatility approach (INTRAGARCH) Integrated General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with intraday data using realised volatility approach (IGARCH) General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with daily realised volatility (RV-GARCH) CHAPTER 3: DATA AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 Sample selection and description of the study Various comparative forecast models are used in order to evaluate the performance of incorporating intraday data. This study used dataset from nine stock indices include Malaysia (FTSE-BMKLCI), Singapore (STI), Frankfurt-Germany (DAX30), Hong Kong (Hang Seng Index), London-United Kingdom (FTSE100), France (CAC40), Shanghai-China (SSE), Shenzhen-China (SZSE), and United States (SP 100). These series consisted of daily closing prices and also the intraday hourly last price of their respective indices. The daily closing prices were retrieved using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“DataStream Advance 4.0à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and also from Yahoo Finance (https://finance.yahoo.com). Whereas, the hourly intraday last prices of these stock indices were retrieved from Bloomberg Terminal from Bursa Malaysia. Each stock index has their respective trading hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s last price which produced a different number of observations for each series. The total number of trading hours within the day differed amon g different stock index. However, the sample period used in this study spanned approximately for 300 trading days, from 15 October 2009 to 15 March 2011. In order to simplify the study, the focus is based on a one-step-ahead volatility forecast. The first 200 trading days log returns were applied to estimate the parameters for various forecast models which is known as the in-sample forecast. The remaining 100 trading days log returns were used for post-sample evaluation. This study aimed to forecast volatility in daily log returns for various forecasting methods and used daily realised volatility as proxy for actual volatility. The next subsections presented the data description and the 10 forecast methods which will be considered in the study. 3.2 Data Analysis 3.2.1 Forecasting Methods This subsection describes the methodology to forecast the in-sample and out-sample performance of various forecast models. The forecast model includes Random Walk (RW), Moving Average, GARCH models, and Exponential smoothing techniques. 3.2.1.1 Standard volatility forecast model using daily returns This project paper adopted the simple moving average of squared residuals from the recent past 30 daily observations which is labelled as MA30 and the Random Walk (RW) for the standard volatility forecast model as performance benchmark. The 30 day simple moving average is given by: Whereby, ÃŽÂ µ2 = (rt ÃŽÂ ¼)2 shown in the previous section. The moving average is able to smooth out the short running fluctuations and emphasize on the long run trends or cycles through a series of averaging different subsets of datasets. On the other hand, the Random Walk (RW) is explained as the forecast result is equal to the actual value of the recent period. The actual value in this study used is the squared residual denoted as, ÃŽÂ µ2t. The equation is as shown below:à ¯? ¥ Tomorrowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s forecasted value = yesterday actual value ()à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ½ 3.2.1.2 GARCH models for hourly and daily returns There are many different GARCH models for forecasting volatility that can be included in this research. However, the consideration in this study is limited to 2 forecast GARCH models which are the GARCH and IGARCH for practicality. The GARCH models in this study have applied GARCH (1, 1) specifications. The three forecast model used were labelled as IGARCH, INTRA-IGARCH, and INTRA-GARCH models. The IGARCH model is estimated using daily residuals as daily data is easily obtained from the source mentioned above. The general IGARCH forecast model used is given by: à ¯? ¢Ãƒ ¯? ¥ à ¯? ³ But, the parameter estimate generate by EVIEW 7 will be using the following expression: à ¯? ³ à ¯? ¢ à ¯? ¡Ãƒ ¯? ¥ à ¯? ³ However, the INTRA-IGARCH and INTRA-GARCH models used hourly residual data to estimate the forecast for daily realised volatility. The forecast for volatility of these models over an N-trading hours span period would be recognised as the forecast of daily volatility. The N trading hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s span period is dependent on the trading hours of a specified stock index. In order to calculate the daily realised volatility, the equation is for N trading hours in a day for a particular stock index is given by: Where period i is the higher frequency of hourly data and the ÃŽÂ µ2t, is the squared residual of the particular hour. For example, if KLCI index has a 7 trading hours per day, the realised daily volatility is calculated from the sum of squared residual of these 7 hours. Additionally, forecast models such as INTRA-IGARCH and INTRA-GARCH applied equation 3 to obtain the daily realised volatility by replacing the squared residual, ÃŽÂ µ2t with values that is for ecasted using these models. 3.2.1.3 GARCH model using realised volatility The GARCH model can be estimated using daily realised volatility which is derived from the hourly squared residual with equation 3. In order to apply RV for GARCH forecast model, equation 3 has to be modified to be squared root to be able to obtain the parameter estimates that is needed using EVIEW 6. The equation is as follow: As for this project paper, the GARCH model that used daily realised volatility as input data is labelled as RV-GARCH. 3.2.1.4 Exponential smoothing and EWMA methods The forecast model for exponential smoothing method has been implemented into two approaches. The first is by using minimisation of equation 3 to optimise the parameter and it is labelled as ES for this project paper. The actual value (squared residual), ÃŽÂ µ2t is obtained from the daily data. The second approach which is said to be the better proxy variance forecast has applied equation 4 for the minimisation. The forecast model for this exponential smoothing method is termed as ES-RV which adopted daily realised volatility from hourly data. Apart from that, the study also considered the smoothing parameter ÃŽÂ ± as a fixed value of 0.06 as recommended by RiskMetrics (1996) for model using daily data and daily realised volatility data derived from hourly data. The forecast model is termed as EWMA and EWMA-RV respectively. By using equation 2 as shown previously, the EWMA used daily squared residual as ÃŽÂ µ2t 1 parameter input while the EWMA-RV used the daily realised volatility as the ÃŽÂ µ2t 1 parameter input. 3.3 Research Design (Gantt Chart) Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Literature Review Methodology Research proposal Data collection Data analysis Discussion and conclusion