Comparison Between Brave New World and Freuds Future of...

Freud and the Brave New World: Science can replace religion as a means of creating a stable civilization. This is what Sigmund Freud believes, and this is what Aldous Huxley tries to prove. Freud in his Future of an Illusion states that religion allows men to act according to reason, and not their instincts. People are taught with a religious background and are taught about a balance of crime and punishment. Punishment will be cast upon men if men are unable to control their instincts and commit a crime. However, those who are not taught in a religious way see no reason to act according to reason just for God. In fact, they fight their instincts for another morality that they are taught. Similarly, if science was taught as a moral†¦show more content†¦The State can then use these technologies to create and alter babies and their minds. In addition, the State also uses science to create complicated entertainment machines that can generate both harmless leisure and high levels of consumption and pr oduction. These machines satisfy the peoples needs and reduce any kind of rebellious thoughts. The result of these technologies gives stability and control to the State of Huxleys world. The results of these machines are part of the basis of the World States stability. Although the only science seen throughout the book is the creation of technology, the results of science is already enough to bring stability and happiness to the society. Huxley not only shows that science can replace religion, but also gives his own reasons as to why religion has no place in his world. Huxley presents his ideas through an argument between Mustapha Mond and John the Savage. When John asks him, then you think there is no God? (Huxley, 234), Mond replies, No, I think there quite probably is one (Huxley, 234). Huxley and Mond never deny that there is no God and religion. However, God manifests himself as an absence (Huxley, 234) and allows war after war to happen. God doesnt do anything to stop the wars and peoples fear, especially, in Huxleys world, the Nine Years War. In Huxleys view, God, science, and art prevent people from obtaining true happiness and stability. Therefore, Mond and hisShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesothers who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysisRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesProfessor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University and Colin Gilligan Professor of Marketing Sheffield Hallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages........................................................................... 251 False Dilemma Fallacy....................................................................................................................... 253 Fallacy of Faulty Comparison .......................................................................................................... 256 Fallacious Appeal to Authority .....................................................................................................

President Obama Health Care Plan ” What It All Mean for Us” Free Essays

More than a week after President Obama signed the sweeping new health care law, which eventually provides insurance coverage for 32 million uninsured American, many of us are still scratching our head (Parker). What just happened? And how and when will we start feeling its effect? Effective this year, in six months, children with preexisting condition cannot be denied health care. In 2014, Medicaid will cover individual up to 133 percent of the poverty levels (Landau and Parker) also, in 2014, insurance companies will not be able to deny adults with preexisting conditions coverage or charge them higher premium. We will write a custom essay sample on President Obama Health Care Plan: † What It All Mean for Us† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some adult won’t likely qualify for Medicaid under the 2014 rules (4). More immediately however, they will benefit from the expansion of funding for community health center, which offer free and reduced-cost care. While the biggest change will not take effect until 2014 some important provision will begin as early as June, the question that everyone want to know is â€Å"How soon will the new law help me† (Obama Plan). The answer depends on your age and reason for not having insurance. If you can’t afford or don’t qualify for insurance because of a preexisting Medicaid problem (1). You may be eligible for a new federal â€Å"High risk† pool to be offered by the end of June (2). The federal plan is expected to offer more affordable coverage than the existing state plan and will not impose the same income restriction as Medicaid (Obama Plan). The new plan will begin immediately to close the Medicare â€Å"donut hole†, by giving you 50 percent discount on brand-name prescription drug for senior who qualify. It will end insure practice of charging different premium or denying coverage based on gender, and will limit premium variation based on age. The new bill will provide new tax credit on a suding scale to individual and families that will limit how much of their income can be spent on premium. People with nongroup plan may see increase, but more than half the enrollees in nongroup plan will qualify for federal subsidies, lowering cost for middle and moderate-income families on average by about 60 percent (Obama Plan 7 ). And also this year tax credit as high as 30 percent of premium will be available to many small businesses, which offer health coverage to employee. The President plan will also cap out-of pocket expanse and will prohibit insurance companies from imposing annual or lifetime caps on benefits payments. Under the new rule companies generally can’t rescind a policy for a minor application error. Many people look at this as a better law for health care. Better for all American families; like there are now no more worries about if you will be coverage because you don’t have insurance or if you worried about losing your job and now have no money to pay for your child Medicare bills. This plan will protect all that qualify for better health care. Although there are still people that feel that this isn’t much and that feel we have went from a full plan with a small deductible and great prescription coverage to a plan now that is basically a high-deductible plan. But I feel that it’s a winner. How to cite President Obama Health Care Plan: † What It All Mean for Us†, Papers

Organizational Social Responsiveness free essay sample

This paper will first briefly discuss the CSR theory by reviewing its development history. Focus will then be paid on the study of organizational social responsiveness, which includes two basic processes, namely first monitoring external social demands and expectations and then developing internal social mechanisms (Bartol, 2011). To be more precise, the author would like to study the social responsiveness from a CSR perspective. The following part of this research will make two case studies to further explain the theory abovementioned. 1. Definition of CSR There is no clear definition of CSR. EC defines CSR as the responsibility of enterprises for what impact they can have on society. Since Oliver Sheldon (1924) first proposed the concept CSR, it has been defined as that corporate should not only shoulder economic and legal responsibility, but other social undertakings as well. Based on previous study, Carroll (1979) proposed CSR as a multi-leveled concept. This concept contains four interrelated aspects, i. e. economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. In addition, Carroll put forward a pyramid which can be used to analyze the dimension of CSR. The pyramid begins with economic responsibilities; people create companies to produce goods and services to the public while making profits. All the other three responsibilities rely upon this foundation. The next layer comprises the legal responsibilities of a company. As to the ethical responsibilities, they are practices belonging to what social public expect a company to do what is right and fair, but that are not covered by law. Lastly, companies have a philanthropic responsibility at the top of pyramid (Carroll, 1991). 2. Organisational social responsiveness Instead of Corporation Social Responsiveness, this term expands the main body f social response, referring to the development of organisational decision processes. Managers make decisions during the processes by anticipating, responding to and managing areas of social responsibility (Bartol, 2012). Two aspects are included in the processes : First, monitoring social demands and expectations; Second, internal social response mechanisms. In order to be socially responsive, organizations need to both analyse and evaluate social environment and management stakeholders relations, i. e. monitoring external environment. Apart from the first process, organizations need also create social response mechanisms. 2. Monitoring social demands and expectations The following methods can be used to serve this purpose: a. Social forecasting: often using futurists systematically identifying social trends. b. Opinion surveys: polls and surveys either generally available or specially commissioned. c. Social audits: study of an organisation’s social (rather than economic) performance. Some combine regular audits with surprise audits. d. Issues management: identifying specific issues for attention (to â€Å"reduce surprises† from environmental forces). e. Social scanning: monitoring task-environment elements less formal and systematic than issues management. . 2 Internal social response mechanisms a. Individual executives: often used by smaller and medium sized companies. This can be risky without appropriate individual selection. b. Temporary task forces: small groups to enforce orders and settle problems. c. Permanent committees: fix the process as a general conduct d. Permanent departments: make it one of the basic function of the organization e. Combination approaches: in practice, organisations generally use some combination of approaches. 3. Case Study 3. 1 Case Study 1: Conoco Phillips Company ConocoPhillips Company is an American  multinational  energy  corporation headquartered in  Houston, Texas  in the United States. It is the worlds largest independent pure-play exploration production company and is also one of the  Fortune 500 companies. Through the  merger  of  Conoco Inc. and the  Phillips Petroleum Company  in 2002 ConocoPhillips was created and became the fifth largest integrated oil company then. 3. 1. 1 Analysis of Conoco Philips oil leak Incident Environmental analysis and evaluation This analysis is of great importance to all corporation because, in essence, only those who fit the environment survive. Technical, legal, social, political and economical factors constitute key parts that impact the Penglai 19-3 Field Incident in Bohai Bay. To focus on the CSR aspects of the response mechanism, the author excludes technical, legal, and economical factors concerning this event. As the oil spill unfolded, society as a whole paid ever more attention to this issue and media kept making in-depth reports, all of which suggested a strong ecological protection awareness. The environmental factors played an important role in encouraging Conoco Phillips to pursue a better outcome of social response. Stakeholder management This oil leak incident involved different sides of stakeholders, including   China National Offshore Oil Corporation, National Bureau of Oceanography, Ministry  of  land  and  resources, fishing and marine culture units and individuals, non-governmental environmental protection organizations, media and social public. A clear and comprehensive understanding of stakeholders is a prerequisite to the effectiveness of social response. Conoco Phillips should take into account the long-term effects of the exterior stakeholders on itself. Conoco Phillips can classify them into distinct types so as to take different measures. 3. 1. 2 Conoco Phillips CRS policies As a worldwide known multinational, Conoco Phillips promotes the idea of corporate citizen, with  its spirit value being core principles of Safety, People, Integrity, Responsibility, Innovation and Teamwork.. The environmental policy of Conoco Phillips is However, there has been absence of social responsibility at early stage of Conoco Philips’ social response. One was the incomplete investigation and disclosure of the causes of oil leak. The dishonest attitude has been doubted as an excuse to avoid responsibility. The other was that Conoco Phillips failed to fully meet the requirement of National Bureau of Oceanography. The inactive performance at early stage of dealing with this issue aggravated the harm of the incident, which reflected the deficiencies of monitoring social demands and expectations and lack of sense of social responsibility. Eventually, it is the concept of corporate citizenship that Conoco Phillips has always been promoting and social responsibility culture that played a guide role and set the company onto the right track. The company made sincere apology to the China society and promised fair compensation while financing program of future environmental protection in Bohai Bay. 3. 1. 3 Conclusion Effective social response requires opinion surveys on certain issues and facilitating a provocative approach to surrounding changes. 3. 2 Case Study 2: Apple’s social response and CSR policies. 3. 2. 1 Apple’s conflicts Apple has made the headlines for several times during the last few years thanks to Foxconn, Apple’s supplier, which has seen employee suicide again and again. The largest contracted electronics manufacturer in the world, Foxconn is the main manufacturer of apple products and employs more than 900,000 employees. Apple was once challenged by labor and human rights issues, which the author sees as a critical moment to test Apple’s social responsiveness. In 2006 Foxconn was reported by Chinese local media about the long working hours. Reports had also suspected the discrimination against mainland Chinese workers by their Taiwanese supervisors. In May 2010 several media sources reported several cases of suicide at Foxconn. A total of 13 young workers had committed suicide from 2009 to 2010. Using individual executives as a social response mechanism, Steve Jobs, the former CEO , responded that ‘Foxconn is not a sweatshop’ when being inquired about the suicides at Foxconn (The Guardian, 2010) Steve Jobs’ over frankness invited heavy pressure later on. Yet, they didn’t make another mistake facing another issue concerning health and safety. With regard to safety and health conditions at the suppliers plant, an explosion at Foxconn killed two workers and sixteen employees were injured during in May 2010. An Apple spokesperson expressed his sadness toward this tragedy and claimed responsibility to this terrible event. The Guardian, 2011). 3. 2. 2 Apple’s CSR policy Apple makes sure that the Supplier Code be observed by suppliers by conducting audits. The audits cover not only working and living conditions, safety and health but environmental conditions at the facilities as well. Apple has developed advanced internal social response mechanisms by conducting social audits. The company conducted 102 audits in 2009, to quote Apple’s Supplier Responsibility Report 2010. In 2011, Apple Supplier Responsibility team conducted a total of 229 audits-an 80 percent increase compared to 2010. Cristina, 2012). Facilities Apple conduct repeat audits show fewer violations and a majority of them get higher scores year after year. Apart from scheduled audits at Apple’s suppliers, they conduct a certain amount of surprise audits every year. The intention of this method is â€Å"reducing surprise† (Bartol, 2011). A surprise audit is when the audit team pays a visit to a supplier without former information and insists on inspecting the faculty and seeing employees at once. These surprise audits must start within short notice of t he audit team’s appearance. The combination of regular audits and surprise audits makes sure that the suppliers are not showing the surface of their management. The author found in the Supplier Responsibility Report 2010 a part of words responding to the suicides at Foxconn, published in February 2011. Besides, Apple reports in the Supplier Responsibility Report 2011 that Apple discovered ten facilities with underage labour violations during inspections. Among them one was found of employing a large amount of underage labour force. Apple terminated businesses with this facility simply because the management did not display their willingness to address the problem. As long as they found underage labour, suppliers are required to provide education fee and living expenses and support them through shool until 16. In November 2010, a training program was set up by Apple to prevent the future employment of underage workers. The human resources managers are trained in Chinese labour law. Despite of that, the training will not address underage labour issues. The reason seems rather obvious. The past few years have seen the rise of the costs of labour, energy and raw materials, which resulted in a shortage of labour. To cut costs and find cheaper labour, factory owners are force to violate the code. What’s more, to prevent child labour who want to work to support their families is rather difficult. The Supplier Responsibility Report of 2012 states that suppliers are supposed to return underage workers to school and finance their education through Apple’s Child Labour Remediation Program. Regarding abolishing underage labour. The CEO of Apple Tim Cook claimed that they would like to totally eliminate every case of underage employment (The Guardian, 2011). Conclusion There have debates on distinction between Corporation Social Responsibility (CSR1) and Corporation Social Responsiveness (CSR2). By looking into details of CSR management, The author finds more agreement on Carroll (1979), who believes that CSR2 is more of a action stage in managerial response. To put it more precisely, Wartric and Cochran (1985) argues that CSR2 provides a method to perform CSR1. The author tries to display how corporations perform in face of challenges, or â€Å"social issue†, and how they learned their hard way to shoulder social responsibility. The organizational social responsiveness theory is of great explanatory power in studying enterprise behaviors.  Therefore, it also proves useful in corporation management.

Japans Education System Is Successful Essays - Japan,

"Japan's Education System Is Successful" In the writing, Walberg attributes Japan's economic success to the superior education of its youth. He stresses that Japan does a better job of educating its nation and the U.S. should follow in Japan's foot steps. He emphasizes the U.S. should change its system of education to produce more productive and smarter children. Walberg links national prosperity to education. He believes that educating children and teaching them to become more than mediocre can help a nation to survive. Smart children can solve the nation's problems and invent new machinery to bring in more capital. The smarter the children, the less time it takes them to get a job done, thus decreasing the time and money needed for certain jobs. Walberg believes Japan's system of education is very successful. The child worries about passing tough exams and wants to go to school. The family of Japan coaxes its children and gives them the mind set of being mediocre is nothing. Japan also maintains a hard curriculum that pushes the student to his optimum efficiency. The teaches in Japan do not compare children's accomplishments and what they have not done. This allows the student to proceed with their peers at maximum rate. The Japanese strive for equality. They recognized how hard a student can work and how fast he can learn. The student can take entrance exams. Bright, hard-working students that come from poor families have a better chance of being admitted to elite schools than average students with rich families. The Japanese education system works in many ways. Even though it is hard and long hours are put in to learning, the suicide rate is low. Everyone in Japan has a chance of learning, and if he works hard enough he can prosper in life. The success of Japan and other countries lies in the education of its youth.

How to Write a Speech in Business Studies a Comprehensive Writing Manual You Need

How to Write a Speech in Business Studies a Comprehensive Writing Manual You Need Courses in business studies often include sections dedicated to speeches, their writing and delivery. It is only natural – after all, whether you occupy a leadership or subordinate position, in business environment you are very likely to make reports, presentations, deliver sales pitches and so on. The ability to express your thoughts and ideas not just in writing but also orally is of paramount importance here. Even if you used to be a part of a debating club or dabbled in speech writing back in school, this is not going to be of much help here, for business speeches have a lot of specific features that set them apart from other types of oral communication. They are less concerned with rhetoric devices and making picturesque comparisons and more with hard facts and your ability to use them to your advantage. Quite often, you have to write an assignment of this type without having received sufficient instruction beforehand. Let’s rectify this situation – our best speechwriting specialists have prepared this guide so that you never again experience problems writing your business studies speeches. How to Write a Speech in Business Studies: Preparation and the Choice of Topic A speech is, by definition, a relatively short piece of writing, as it is supposed to be delivered orally in front of an audience. One may think that writing it should not take long. In a sense, it is true – you will most likely spend more time preparing than writing; which is another reason to pay extra attention to this stage. Here we list what you have to do in a specific order, but it does not mean that you finish with one thing and move on to the next. The nature of a speech is such that you have to treat each stage while referring to all the other steps: e.g., your choice of topic depends on the audience (who they are and what they know), speech length (you should not take a deep and complex topic if you have just 3 minutes to cover it), etc. 1. Define and Narrow Down Your Topic Sometimes the professor either defines your topic for you or severely limits your options. However, quite often you have enough freedom of choice to influence the direction your speech is going to take, at least to a degree. Some things you may base your topic on are: The nature of the event. What is the reason you have to deliver a speech? Your personal interests. A speech produces a much better impression if there is some real enthusiasm behind it. Can you find something related to the subject matter of your course that genuinely interests you? Your knowledge. Is there something you know that most of your peers are ignorant of? Your experience. Nothing brings a point across better than speaking from personal experience; Relevant latest news. Business studies is a discipline that deals with real life, and you can demonstrate that you keep your eyes on the ball by building your speech around a recent event that is likely to influence business climate. Here are some examples: What It Means to Run a Community-Conscious Business in Modern Society; Introducing Innovation and Technology in Traditionally Conservative Businesses; Customer Is Always Right – Is It Truly So? Customer Feedback – Why No Business Can Survive without It; HR Management – Treating People as more than just a Resource. The important thing to understand is that there is no such thing as a perfect topic. Find something that is good enough for your purposes and start working – this will bring better results than wasting time trying to find an ideal topic. 2. Analyze Your Audience Speeches in business studies one writes in college are usually based on case studies. You are given a situation and are asked to prepare and deliver a speech addressing some issue expressed in the case. For example, you are a small business owner who recently joined the Chamber of Commerce of your town. As a new member, you are invited to deliver a short presentation of yourself and your business at the next meeting. Analyze your audience and consider the following: Who are the bulk of your audience? What are their main interests? What do they need? Is there a problem you can help them solve? What do they expect of you? Do they know something about your topic, or you will have to start from scratch? What else do you have to consider about them? Who your audience is determines the language you have to use, terminology you can introduce into your speech without explanations, what arguments they are likely to treat favorably and so on. 3. Consider the Length Most likely, each member of your class (or most of them) will have to write and deliver one, and some time should remain for discussion as well. This means that you will probably be very limited in time – do not expect to have more than 5 minutes to deliver the speech, so plan accordingly. Your professor will tell you how much time you will have, but fitting your speech into this period is your job. Read a passage from a book aloud at your normal speech tempo and check how much you will be able to cover. An actual speech of the same length may take somewhat shorter or longer to deliver, but this value is a good reference point for your word count, so try to stick to it. You will have an opportunity to slightly shorten or lengthen your speech if necessary later on. Alternatively, use an online tool to convert words to minutes – but remember that different people talk at different speed, and such tools by definition are not very precise. 4. Consider the Purpose Speeches usually pursue one of the four purposes (or a combination thereof): To inform. You should either present new information about a familiar subject or describe something completely new to your audience. Emphasis on facts, statistics and other types of provable information is encouraged; To persuade. You try to win the audience to your way of thinking. You want to persuade them to do something or change their point of view. Again, facts are important, but you should properly season them with rhetorical techniques; To entertain. This goal is less concerned with facts and details and more with showing your wit. In business studies you are unlikely to have an assignment aimed solely at entertaining the listeners, but it may be worth introducing a few witty remarks even into completely serious speeches; To celebrate. You have to tell what makes a specific person, event or organization special and worthy of the audience’s respect. Decide which goal you will pursue beforehand, or you may end up writing a confusing and misleading speech. 5. Research Your Topic Sometimes your work is already laid out in front of you. Sometimes you have to gather information first. Anyway, your format defines what you have to do, and the most important thing about it is the amount of time you have. Depending on the length of your essay, you should get more or fewer sources of information. Stick to high-value, reliable sources – you almost certainly won’t have enough word count to refer to everything you find, so make sure the sources you do mention can serve as hard evidence that does not need further backing up. You can find sources using academic databases and search engines like EBSCO, JSTOR or ProQuest. How to Write a Speech in Business Studies: Writing the Main Part of the Speech 1. Start with an Outline Speeches are short and rely on your ability to remember them and reconstruct them from memory. Therefore, they are even more reliant on structure and planning than other academic assignments. You not only have to fit everything you want to say into a very strict word count, but also make its structure intuitive enough to rebuild it effortlessly on the go. Prepare an outline. A typical structure of a speech is this: Introduction. You introduce yourself, give a reason why you are giving a speech and offer your main thesis. ‘Who’ and ‘why’ parts may differ in length depending on the task (e.g., if you deliver a speech to your class as yourself and not as a part of a case study, you can omit it altogether). Try to hook your audience in right away – introduce an interesting and unexpected fact, mention something seemingly irrelevant to pique their interest, tell a story from personal experience; Main part. Present your thesis and supporting evidence. Do not try to say everything you know on the subject – depending on the length of the speech, keep it to 2-5 points. Don not ramble: clearly divide points from each other. Introduce a point, provide evidence, connect to the next point (using words like ‘however’, ‘meanwhile’, ‘therefore’, etc.); Takeaway. Wrap things up and drive your main idea home. You can do it by either summarizing what you have already said in a couple of especially strong sentences or (even better) telling a story illustrating your point. Divide the speech into parts and jot down how much time you can spend on each of them. Write down what you will mention in each part and how you will connect them. 2. Use a Conversational Tone A speech is primarily an oral message, and oral speech is different from written text. Your speech should sound like an address to the audience, not as reading from a book. Therefore, write the way you normally talk: Use short and simple sentences. It will make it easier for the audience to understand you and for you to remember the speech; Avoid using long and complex words and structures – if you cannot imagine yourself using a word or sentence in everyday speech, do not use it; Address your audience directly, as if you were talking with each of them individually. Do not be abstract – talk about things relevant for them; Avoid formal language – this will help you appear friendlier. 3. Be Specific In business studies, it is especially important to back your words up with facts and statistics and not with vague appeals to the audience. Make the audience understand that you know what you are talking about and are familiar with background information. 4. Use Examples Human brain is hard-wired to pay attention to stories and process them better than abstract facts. Backing your points up with cases from your experience lends you credibility and makes it easier for the audience to follow you. How to Write a Speech in Business Studies: Post-Writing Tips and Editing Post-writing work on a speech is different from most other academic assignments because speeches are not exactly writing tasks – they are evaluated based on how well you deliver them. Therefore, formal aspects like formatting, spelling, grammar and suchlike are of secondary importance (unless you have to submit your speech in written form as well). 1. Read Your Speech Aloud Do you fit into the allotted time comfortably? Tweak the length of the speech. Either cut a few inconsequential phrases or add a little if there is enough space left. After you manage to finish talking on time, memorize the speech and see if you can repeat this feat without looking at the text. 2. Prepare Speaker Notes Few things in this world are more pathetic and uninspiring than a person reading his/her speech aloud. Do not expect to be allowed to do it, and even if it is an option, do not do it anyway. When delivering a speech, you have to maintain eye contact with the audience, they should feel that you speak to them, not at them. Therefore, memorize your speech, but do not rely on your memory too much, even if the speech is just a few minutes long. You can stumble at the worst possible moment, and have to prepare for it. Speaker notes are a collection of reminders you can glance at every now and then to make sure you did not forget anything and proceed as planned. They should contain only the basics, each point expressed in a couple of words – you will not have time to read more in the middle of a speech. 3. Deliver Your Speech to a Test Audience For example, a couple of friends, preferably with backgrounds similar to that of your future audience. Ask them if your speech appear logical and persuasive. Pay attention to their suggestions – you are likely to miss some things that are obvious for outside observers. 4. Edit and Proofread Unless you submit the text of your speech, your spelling and even grammar are not that important – you are going to deliver the speech to an audience, and spoken word has different standards, allowing for certain irregularities. However, you still should reread, edit and proofread the text – not for spelling mistakes, but for gaps in your argument, leaps of logic and suchlike. Carefully read your speech and ask yourself if everything works as intended. 5. Choose a Presentation Tool Most business speeches presuppose the use of visual elements (slides, video, etc.). They make it easier to draw the audience’s attention and focus it on specific points of your speech. There are many amateur and professional presentation tools: PowerPoint, Google Slides and many others. Which one to use is mostly a question of personal preference, but you should be aware of your tool’s capabilities and limitations before you start out. As you can see, preparing a speech is not as hard as one may believe it to be. Follow these guidelines, and you will complete yours in no time!

Latin Numbers - The Ordinal or Ordered Numbers

Latin Numbers - The Ordinal or Ordered Numbers Latin ordinal numbers are ordered numbers: as in other Indo-European languages, they are adjectives which refer to the order of a set of objects in a list. English ordinals are words like first, second, third, expressed in Latin primus, secundus, tertius. In contrast, cardinal numbers are nouns which tell you how many objects there are. Cardinal numbers in Latin are unus, duo, tres; English versions of those are one, two, three. Variations The ordinal numbers in Latin are declined like first and second declension adjectives. There are some oddities to note: Some versions of the numbers have a variable presence of n before s and both spellings are acceptablefor 21st in the feminine, you might see una et vicesima twenty-first or the contracted form unetvicesima. For other compounds, as in English, different texts use different versions. You may see the larger number before the smaller with no conjoining ​et or you might see the smaller before with larger separated by the conjunction et. Thus, you may see either vicesimus quartus (twenty-fourth, with the et) or quartus et vicesimus (four and twenty, with the et). For 28th, the Latin ordinal number is based on the idea of taking 2 from 30 or duodetricensimus, just as the duo de 2 from precedes 20th in the ordinal number for 18th: duodevicesimus. Primus Through Decimus Below are listed the basic ordinal numbers in Latin with the Roman numeral corresponding to their  value and their English equivalent. Roman Numeral | Ordinal | English TranslationI. | primus (-a, -um) | firstII. | secundus, alter | secondIII. | tertius | thirdIV. | quartus | fourthV. | quintus | fifthVI. | sextus | sixthVII. | septimus | seventhVIII. | octavus | eighthIX. | nonus | ninthX. | decimus | tenth Undescimus Through Nonus Decimus Variations are present in the Latin ordinals for tenth through nineteenth. If that seems strange, recall that English ordinals for 11th (eleventh) and 12th (twelfth) are formed differently than higher ones (thirteenth through nineteenth). Roman Numeral | Ordinal | English TranslationXI. | undecimus | eleventhXII. | duodecimus | twelfthXIII. | tertius decimus or decimus et tertius | thirteenthXIV. | quartus decimus or decimus et quartus | fourteenthXV. | quintus decimus or decimus et quintus | fifteenthXVI. | sextus decimus or decimus et sextus |  sixteenthXVII. | septimus decimus or decimus et septimus | seventeenthXVIII. | duodevice(n)simus, also octavus decimus | eighteenthXIX. | undevice(n)simus, also nonus decimus | nineteenth Ac Deinceps Exortis et Superiora Loca Ordinals higher than 20th follow the same patterns and variations as those seen in first through nineteenth. Roman Numeral | Ordinal | English TranslationXX. | vice(n)simus | twentiethXXI. | unus et vice(n)simus, also vicesimus primus | twenty-firstXXII. | alter et vice(n)simus or vicesimus secundus |  twenty-secondXXX. | trice(n)simus or trigesimus | thirtiethXL. | quadrage(n)simus | fortiethL. | quinquage(n)simus | fiftiethLX. | sexage(n)simus | sixtiethLXX. | septuage(n)simus | seventiethLXXX. | octoge(n)simus | eightiethXC. | nonage(n)simus | ninetiethC. | cente(n)simus | hundredthCC. | ducente(n)simus |  two-hundredthCCC. | trecentensimus | three-hundredthCCCC. | quadringentensimus |  four-hundredthD. | quingentensimus | five-hundredthDC. | sescentensimus | six-hundredthDCC. | septingentensimus | seven-hundredthDCCC. | octingentensimus | eight-hundredthDCCCC. | nongentensimus | nine-hundredthM. | millensimus | thousandthMM. | bis millensimus | two-thousandth

Health care law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health care law - Essay Example This person has no relation to the patient but has been appointed to make health care decisions for him. These laws need to involve another party in such vital decisions, which are put in the hands of only one person (Sabatino, 2010). The surrogate can consent to the health care treatment of a patient even without a court decision. He can also provide consent to the health care provider, should any other procedure have to be performed on the patient. These people need careful consideration before making such important decisions concerning human being (Sabatino, 2010). It is important to consider the implications of leaving such a huge responsibility on one person only. The laws need modification to ensure that such decision-making procedures are handled with care, and the patient gets treatment. It would be reckless to place the whole responsibility of making decisions concerning anther human being solely on one person. The Health Care Surrogate Law requires thorough revision so that it will become more effective and professional. This will be of benefit to all the people concerned. An example of a lawsuit would be a case against a hospital for mismanagement of a critically ill patient and gross carelessness in administering healthcare services. Such a case would be classified as medical malpractice. Such scenario would touch on principles like informed consent. Principles related to the standard of care, causation, and fiduciary law in the physician-patient relationship (Mascarenhas, Kesavan, & Bernacchi, 2013). The argument grounds on the fact that the health care provider breached the principles of standard care and failed to give quality treatment to a patient who suffered because of the negligence of the medical institution. The patient required special attention with a regular observation from qualified medical professionals. Lack of this quality attention led to the general deterioration of his

Cellular Biology Article Discussion-Gene Sharing Yields an Enzyme with

Cellular Biology Discussion-Gene Sharing Yields an Enzyme with Two Binding Sites in One Subunit - Article Example It is well recognized that mitochondria have an important role to play in the development of reperfusion injury. Against this backdrop, the paper titled, â€Å"Mitochondrial Death Channels† by Webster, K.A., addresses the actual mechanism of mitochondrial action of promoting reperfusion injury. The important and individual roles played by two mitochondrial death channels, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and the mitochondrial apoptosis channel (mAC) in the promotion of infarction are described. It explains in detail, how, during a heart attack, mPTP, under the regulation of calcium and oxidative stress, causes necrotic death while both mPTP and mAC channels are involved in apoptosis. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is an intrinsic cellular process, just as mitosis is. Cell suicides are resorted to in the course of development for example, resorption of the tadpole tail during metamorphosis into a frog, or to destroy cells that represent a threat to the integrity of the organism, or when signals needed for continued survival are lacking. Apoptosis is different from necrosis in that it affects individual cells whereas necrosis affects groups of contiguous cells. Cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of death in all developed countries are characterized by the loss of cardiomyocytes due to cell death. Earlier, cell death in myocardial infarction was believed to be caused solely by necrosis. However, recent studies have shown the involvement of apoptosis, too, in the process of myocardial tissue damage subsequent to heart attack (Krijnen et al., 2002). Besides, apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is mediated by mitochondria through the two mitochondrial dea th channels namely, mPTP and mAC as shown in the current paper. Mitochondria are known to be important mediators of cardiac injury during ischemia and

English Should be Declared the Official Language Essay Example for Free

English Should be Declared the Official Language Essay In recent years, the America’s ability to resolve cultural diversity and political unity has been challenged at new level. The influx of immigrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America has brought changes in the character of many natives and accelerated demands for government services in their own languages. The aspect of linguistic diversity has in fact sparked insecurity about national unity and fostered a wave designed to make English the official language in the United States (Inhofe and Munoz  ¶1). Entrenched in the politics of language and especially making English the official language in United States is the deeper contest of American identity and means of preserving it. Ensuring a common official language create and establish the foundations of national unity, on top of enhancing ethnic harmony. Policymakers and some American citizens have responded to this issue in various ways. Court decisions, administrative regulations and federal laws have always favored the ultimate use of other languages in public offices, but most citizens have favored English language as a valued symbol of American nationhood worthy being established and defended for (Zehr 23). Pros of English as Official United States’ Language Although lawmakers in the United States have lingered on deciding on endowing English with a special legal status, it was assumed that a common language would develop in America. To affirm this hypothetical assumption, linguistic researchers consistently found out that the typical pattern of language usage among the immigrants to America shifted from non-English in the first generation of immigrants to use of the many languages in their surrounding neighbors in the second generation and the reverted to English in the third generation (Scholastic  ¶1). This was because speaking English was the only way to cope up for the new immigrants to adequately adapt to the society they found in America, increase their earning potential, for students to succeed in schools, and eventually enhance their future career options in the land of many opportunities. The immigrants and their descendants learned English not because the law forced them to due to the reason that learning English was a precursor to helping them get ahead in America. The debate of making English the United States’ official language is founded on the believe that the stability of the American institutions and values heavily depended on cultural homogeneity. The America’s citizens and courts have sent clear message that people should unite behind a common official language and especially English which has been grasped by the majority and help foster American values that appreciate one another in that cultural diversity. By helping the immigrants learn the official language would ensure that the services from government institutions are accessible to all and by extension would enable save taxpayers money initially used to cater for those services of an interpreter (Gillespie  ¶ 1). Looking at the bigger picture, bilingual systems like in education require special services which prove to need a lot of money and more so create segregation on ethnic groups against the values endeavored to be achieved in the American dream (Inhofe and Munoz  ¶1). Let’s look at the issue in this perspective; suppose an employer wanted to train employees of different native languages what would he or she do? Having that common language is a major boost as everyone would endeavor to just be literate in it and break the barriers of language (Cincinnati  ¶ 1). Training people in their native language narrows the perspective to ethnic level and would mean a lot of trainers-unnecessary expense of the company. On the issue of language rights, which are mostly demanded by ethnic minorities, they are symbolic affirmation of their continued attachment to their original cultures. In the context of international arena, people have started thinking globally; the revival of ethnic consciousness does not anchor well with postering that international standards and more specific the concern of national unity (Inhofe and Munoz  ¶1). Maintaining the ethnic lines brings about unrest and polarization as experienced in most parts of the world. United States is the greatest nation on earth and ensuring preservation of English as the official language would be a great feat of achievement for it would ease out discrimination in offices which occur because people cannot be understood or are discriminated simply because they cannot speak a certain language. Inhofe and Munoz ( ¶ 1) point out a Zogby International Poll established that eighty-five percent of the sampled expressed their support for making English as the language that should be used in all government operations. Surprisingly also, seventy-one percent of the Hispanics surveyed, were for the idea of making English as the official language in United States. This positivism has also been expressed in other polls and call for the implementation of bill that gives English the legal status as the official language and so there is no reason whatsoever to offer government services at extra costs in foreign languages. In cordial feat the Pledge of Allegiance and the National Anthem through English show the patriotism in bringing the nation together in the spirit of sharing the American Dream. Cons of English as Official United States’ Language The demographic and political changes that began in America in the 1960s opened an era of clash over language. It was the blacks who emphasized the values of ethnic distinctiveness and solidarity in the use of their native languages and other groups followed. Alleviating English to the status of English has all along been perceived as a way of weakening the group’s ethnic heritage, where activists especially Hispanics have articulated that language rights are constitutional privileges that deserve to be observed in the law (Gillespie  ¶ 1). This in fact advocated that the United States government should move beyond toleration minority languages in the private arena to promoting bilingual languages in its institutions. This has always remained as the biggest threat to ensuring that English is made legally the official language in the United States. According to Inhofe and Munoz ( ¶1) another reason that has been a draw back in ensuring English is legal recognized as the official language in America is because there are other languages that are also spoken by a considerable number of people like the Spanish. Spanish is said to be spoken by over forty million Hispanics in the United States at work, at homes and in their daily lives. Inhofe and Munoz ( ¶1) argue that by virtue of making English as the official language and relieving the government role of assisting non-English speakers and this could spell doom to those who cannot quickly learn English. It is agreed that people can learn English and money can be devoted to helping non-English speakers learn but the trick comes in passing a law that would magically expect people learn promptly may proof to be hard (Cincinnati  ¶ 1). Minority activists have all along supported cultural maintenance programs that teach children subjects in English and their native language in their education. The concept celebrates the multicultural conception of identity in America and in the process celebrates ethnic consciousness. The symbolic importance considerably undervalues the English language on the specter of accepting the bicultural approach, where the culture of a group is embedded in their language (Zehr 23). Cincinnati ( ¶ 1) argues that the United States has never declared an official language because of the drawbacks that are faced in trying to do so and many people have tried without much success. In 1780, a congress man John Adams proposed to the congress for English to be made the official language, but he received much criticism where the proposal was deemed as threat to individual liberty and undemocratic. Over the years whenever the debate arose, there have been people on both sides (Scholastic  ¶1). Only twenty-seven states have officially made English their official language others remaining in the dark. Others people are opposed to the stand of making English official language simply because their business of translation would be affected as learning English for Spanish people they can understand and translate the manuscripts themselves (Cincinnati  ¶ 1). Scholastic ( ¶1) points out that the estimates according to a U. S. English Inc. , a group that is a proponent of declaring English as the United States official language, there are close to 322 languages spoken by the citizens in the country. Twenty-four of these languages are spoken almost in every state. Statistics has it that Wyoming has the fewest languages fifty-six in number while California State has the highest, two hundred and seven in total. Cincinnati ( ¶ 1) strongly argues that because the U. S is a nation of immigrants as rightly proved by the numbers, declaring English as the official language would be impeachment of the individual rights for those incapable of speaking English, who on the other hand pay taxes and should be served their languages notwithstanding. Gillespie  ¶ (1) reminds us that when the question of language comes up many argue that it is aimed at dividing as it has remained a hot button to touch. Many politicians argue that immigrants have been coming to America and have consequently contributed without holding back to the nation and eventually working to fulfill their dreams of better lives for their families and themselves. For this reason declaring English as an official language these immigrants would turn their backs on the American common dream. Conclusion The many reasons brought forth strongly propose that English should be made the official language of the United States. On the other hand, valid opposition on the issue also comes up, bearing weight which should be negated at policymakers’ peril. English as the official language has many benefits to offer to the American citizens and the national unity at large. Homogeneity in language would cut down unnecessary costs encountered in the education and in judicial courts not forgetting polarization of the ethnic groups overtly felt and seen around the world. Moreover, it would be a plus in enhancing stability of the American institutions. The pros override the cons and supporting English as official language in the U. S would bring more benefits than the demerits expressed.

Animal Abuse Essay examples -- essays research papers

Animal Abuse Animals are sometimes treated as friends but are also treated as enemies. We keep them as pets, but if it suits us, we slaughter them in their own habitats and in slaughterhouses. If we could kill them in a quick and pain-free way, like a special injection, which is not harmful to us, it would be a lot nicer to the animals being killed. However, the scenes in slaughterhouses are ones of bullying and torture. The people hurt the animals in the most horrific ways possible, for example, slitting their throats while they are still alive and dropping them from great heights to break their legs and necks and other bones. These are just two of the many ways of slaughter that are used today. Meat is needed for a good healthy diet. We should not hunt animals for sport ...

Chameleon Essay

â€Å"Love has no culture, boundaries, race and religion. It is pure and beautiful like early morning sunrise falling in lake.† is a quote by Santosh Kalwar, who writes books about truth, love and relationships. What he expresses is that it doesn’t matter what skin color you have, as long it is real love. In the novel â€Å"Chameleon† by Ranbir Sahota we hear about a girl named Rita. Rita has problems balancing between who she wants to be, and who she is expected to be because of her race. She is desperately trying hard to be fully integrated but is finding it difficult because her family is so old fashioned. When it comes to love she doesn’t know if she should make her parents happy or follow her own heart. A first person narrator named Rita, where we have access to only her thoughts, tells the short story. Rita is the main protagonist in the novel and a daughter of an Indian Sikh. Opposite to her family, being integrated means a lot to her, and in her everyday life in England, she is trying to fit in. Her father only moved to England because some of his friends did. Therefore they don’t want to integrate simply because they don’t have the love and passion for the country. She on the other hand has graduated from Sheffield University and went to teach English in Germany. Eating white food, listing to white music and bleaching her own skin is just part of her daily life for trying to be part of the English society. The title is â€Å"Chameleon† and describes Rita and how she can blend in, even though she is dark. According to her, the Indian culture doesn’t allow women to have a voice. Her mother and father has set up an arranged marriage for her, where the men can have expectations for her, but she cant expect anything from them. Rita doesn’t have an interest towards Indian men because she sees them as brothers and boring. Therefore she is dating a white man named Mark behind her parent’s back. Even though it is against the Indian culture values and rules. Marks mom says that she doesn’t want to speak to Mark, if he is dating a girl, who isn’t Catholic. But Rita knows that his mother has a problem with her skin color: â€Å" I was fine as the token dark  friend but it was a different matter when it came to marriage† (page 99, lines 3-4). For Marks mother their relationship is fine on a friendly base but not as a love interest. His mother doesn ’t want to be seen as a racists so she is covering up her real problem by saying it is because she isn’t Catholic. In that way Marks mother is actually just like a chameleon as well as Rita. Because of their families the main problem for the couple becomes the diverse between culture and religion. They can’t be together because their cultural backgrounds’ doesn’t allow them to. Mark and Rita then rents a little house together to get some private space. To them it is their escape from the judging and controlling world into a wonderful world where all people are the same. At some point Rita is meeting with Sunjay, who is set to be her future husband according to her mom. They are laughing together and are having a good chemistry. They are talking together like equals, which you wouldn’t expect because of Rita’s description about the Indian culture where women doesn’t have a voice. They also have the same positive attitude when it comes to love between different races. Sunday’s mother and father think that he has too many white friends. Both Rita and Sunjay have integrated themselves very well and are struggling with their families putting pressure on them. Although she doesn’t wants to let her parents down she does small things to annoy them. She swears a lot and is provocative towards them in her comments some times, which is not ladylike in the Indian culture. Also on page 106 lines 7-14 where we are in her thoughts and she is imagining what would happen if she told her parents about Mark and her. She says that it is comical and it would turn into a bloodbath, which is an absurd thought to have about such an important and serious theme. Over the last six weeks Rita had seen three other men but none of them where like Mark. She then spent the night with Mark at their house. Her mother and father show up unexpectedly and she starts to panic and puts Mark in the closet. â€Å"I surprised myself – I didn’t care too much about his pain. I just heard the knocking getting louder and more urgent† (page 104, line 30-31). What worries Rita the most is upsetting her parents and she knows that they doesn’t like for her to be white. Therefor she quickly hides Mark because it  is her â€Å"white side† and she doesn’t wants to be a disappointment to her parents. She lets them in and they start to tell her about Mrs. Methi’s daughter, who has run away with a white man. But in reality they are using that story instead of telling her directly that they know about her and Mark. At one point her father goes into the kitchen to talk to her because he has always been the one to get the truth out of her. One thing he is telling her is: â€Å"Girls like that are left with fatherless children without an identity† (page 108, lines 7-8). He says this to scare her and tries indirectly to affect her not to stay with Mark. Rita doesn’t get these hints until they leave and says that she would like to introduce them to Mark. The story ends with a cliffhanger but you are still let with a feeling of what is going to happen. She will tell her parents that she is with Mark and that they have to respect that. By the look of what they have been telling Rita in the house they are not going to be taken it lightly. Because they are so traditional she is now a shame to the family. But you can tell that Rita is a strong woman, so she is going to go against her parent’s judgment and stay with Mark.

Father-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences Essay

In both William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and August Wilson’s Fences, the emphasis placed on parent-child relationship is vital, as family plays an important role in developing a character’s values as well as his or her upbringing does. While Ophelia, Laertes, and Hamlet show loyalty to their fathers unconditionally, Cory, even though looks up Troy as a figure, eventually exhibits disrespect to him. The relationship that Ophelia shares with her father, Polonius, is rather dogmatic to say the least. Throughout Hamlet, Polonius demonstrates almost absolute control over Ophelia as if she were a tool with the sole purpose of serving Polonius. As a result of a weakness of mind caused by a lack of independent thought, Ophelia does not oppose Polonius; for instance when Polonius challenges Hamlet’s intentions with Ophelia, she can only say â€Å"I do not know, my lord, what I should think. † (I. iii). Ophelia allows herself to be controlled, even rebuffing her love for Hamlet simply because Polonius suggests her not to â€Å"give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet,† (I. v) which illustrates the importance Ophelia place on her familial obligations. The structure and guidance that Polonius provides for Ophelia, leads her to affirm that she â€Å"shall obey† him (I. iv). Ophelia is subservient to her father’s wishes and looks up to his patriarchal position. She listens to Polonius’ counsel. She places her father (and family) above other affairs. Polonius seems to be dominant and almost controlling. However, Ophelia is never rebellious. While Ophelia shows her faithfulness to her father dependently, Laertes consciously respect his father. Though they may not have the best relationship before Polonius is murdered, it was clear that Laertes feels it to be essential that he proves his love for his father after his father has passed. The question is, does Laertes always have a passion for his father, and if not, why does he feel that he has to take revenge for his father’s honor in the second half of the play? Polonius says to King Claudius before Laertes’s departure, â€Å"He hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave/ By laboursome petition, and at last/ Upon his will I sealed my hard consent. / I do beseech you give him leave to go. (I. ii). These lines show that Polonius is reluctant to let his son leave. When Laertes finally reaches France, it is discovered by us readers that Polonius still has little faith in his son to take care of himself. However, to keep an eye on his son, Polonius still orders his servant to France to secretly spy on Laertes and to make sure that he is doing alright. Polonius loves his son and daughter in a protective manner. That’s why he gains Laertes and Ophelia’s admiration. Similar to Laertes, Hamlet devotes his later life to an attempt of retribution to his father’s death. Hamlet looks up to his father because he feels that he is a great leader and the bravest man that he has known, as Hamlet mentions, â€Å"so excellent a king† (I. ii). These lines, â€Å"See, what a grace was seated on his brow:/ Hyperions curls, the front of Jove himself;/ An eye like Mars, to threaten or command;/ A station like the herald Mercury,† shows that Hamlet is willing to revenge for his father. His act of taking revenge may not completely come from love, but at least it represents the responsibility from a son to his father. In one of Aichinger’s essays about Hamlet, he points out that â€Å"Hamlet’s rejection of the moral standards of his society is crystallized by the events which follow his father’s death. † Hamlet is even obsessed to the idea of vengeance that remarkably transforms him from an average, responsible, young prince to an apparently mad, raging son intent upon avenging his father’s death. We see responsibility, obedience, and devotion in father-child relationships in Hamlet. But Troy-Cory relationship in Fences is not the case. Whether the cause is generational gap or Troy’s selfishness or Cory’s noncompliance, Troy never completely gains the love from his own son even after his death. Their relationship never blooms. Initially, Cory may innocently display his admiration to Troy because of his athletic ability and because of a simple reason: a love from a normal son to his father. Through Rose’s word, we know that Cory tries to do as best as he can to earn one compliment from his father, â€Å"Everything that boy do†¦ he do for you. He wants you to say â€Å"Good job, son. † That’s all. (I. iii). Unfortunately, there’s always a conflict in that relation. Cory asks his father, â€Å"How come you ain’t never liked me? † and Troy answers, â€Å"Liked you? Who the hell say I got to like you?†¦ / You eat everyday†¦ / Got a roof over your head†¦ / Got clothes on your back†¦ / What you think that is?†¦ / It’s my job. / It’s my responsibility! â€Å"(I. iii). This conversation between Cory and Troy clarifies everything. Troy doesn’t â€Å"like† his son. Troy takes care of his family including Cory because of his duty. Troy thinks he â€Å"owe† Cory. Of course, there must be some love from Troy to Cory, from a father to his son, but the bitter experiences Troy has in the past soon fence himself in to be a selfish, hostile man. In Wade Bradford’s analytical essay, he claims that † These set pieces will provide the literal and metaphoric activity of the play: building a fence around Troy’s property. † So, Cory is not Troy’s â€Å"property? † His selfishness seems large enough to overwhelm his love to the family, especially, to Cory. Troy subconsciously doesn’t want to see Cory’s success in sport which also means Troy is a failure. If there’s no whole-hearted love, duty becomes tiresome to Troy. The last fight between Troy and Cory is the straw that breaks the camel’s back. Cory says â€Å"I’m not going to Papa’s funeral,†(II. v). His refusal to participate in Troy’s funeral shows that the wound in their relationship would never be healed. Cory just cannot forgive his father. Their relationship is always bitter and tense. Cory never fulfils his obligation as a son to Troy. Father-child relationship dominates both Hamlet and Fences. It is the scaffold that constructs the storyline in Fences. While Hamlet also deals with other issues, the parental relationship is the cause influencing most of the characters’ actions and behaviors. The contrast in father-child relationship in both plays is obvious. In the theme of post-medieval time in Hamlet, those connections are more rightfully dogmatic and include the devotion of one’s life to another. In the near-modern setting, the relationship among people may contain barriers of egocentric that separate them from one to another even that is the relationship between a father and his child.

Hallmark Essays - Hallmark Cards, Greeting Card, Postcards, Ephemera

Hallmark Essays - Hallmark Cards, Greeting Card, Postcards, Ephemera Hallmark "I love this business," exults Robert Kaynes Jr., vice president of sales (and grandson of the founder) at Bron Shoe, the Columbus, Ohio-based company responsible for putting millions of pairs of bronzed baby shoes on bookshelves in the homes of loving parents across America for the past 75 years. "It may sound schmaltzy" Kaynes concedes, "but it's a schmaltzy business. We're selling sentiment." Still, how do you market a memory? For companies like Hallmark, FTD, Bron Shoe, and others in the "sentiment expression" industry, selling can be a daunting task. After all, its hard enough to describe sentiment, let alone market it. Of course, its not all blue smoke and mirrors; there are products involved here. But even though you can "reach out and touch" things like flowers, cards, and bronze baby shoes, these aren't your standard durable goods by any stretch of the imagination. The real function and purpose of such items is to act as a messengera vehicle of communication between sender and receiver designed to capture a moment in a way that's both memorable "and affordable (in other words, not as constricting as vows or as expensive as diamonds), conveying the proper sentiment in a language and fashion that's as close to universal as possible. Naturally this requires using some highly creative sales and marketing techniques, and its a testament to the success of these three companies that many of the strategies they've developed over the years have since become standard operating procedure in areas like point-of-purchase, direct marketing, and distribution. And if you're wondering whether prophets can also make profits, consider this: Hallmark, FTD, and Bron Shoe together generate sales of over $5 billion a year, a figure that's guaranteed to make even the most hardened marketer a little misty- eyed. Despite such an impressive record of innovation and achievementboth historically and financiallythese companies aren't content to rest on their laurels. For them, success in selling sentiment is an ongoing process: Hallmark introduced both the first mass-marketed greeting card and the first computerized card; FTD developed flowers-by- wire (and later flowers-by-phone), as well as the first catalog of standardized bouquets and, more recently, the first tie-ins between flowers and brand name products; Bron-shoe was the first company to bronze baby shoes and has continued to innovate by adding porcelainizing techniques and branching out into related areas of sentiment expression. With more than 200 years of sales and marketing experience among them, these companies clearly bring a lot to the table when it comes to formulating strategies and tactics. The following stories of their individual successes provide irrefutable proof thatwith the right combination of perseverance, positioning, and producteven the most nebulous concept can come up a winner. HALLMARK Not only is Hallmark (known as Hall Brothers until 1954) the undisputed leader in the greeting card industry, it sits on the top rung of the entire sentiment expression industry What exactly can a humble mixture of wood chips, water, and ink do to produce such magical results? "At Hallmark, we believe a greeting card has the ability to warm a heart, tickle a funny bone, toast a bride, blow a kiss, ease a pain and start a tradition," says Donald J. Hall, chairman of Kansas City, Mo.-based Hallmark (and grandson of the founder). The popularity of mass-produced greeting cards can be traced to 19th-century England and America, when the advent of cheap, efficient color printing methods and low postage rates suddenly made it easier and cheaper to produce these poignant purveyors of sentiment. By the 1880s, there were literally hundreds of varieties of mass- printed Christmas, New Year's, and Valentines Day cards available at the neighborhood pharmacy, dry goods store, or print shop. The only thing was, those cards were typically kept in drawers behind shop counters and brought out only at the customer's request. That is, until 1910, when a clever marketerone Joyce C. Hallmade what turned out to be a revolutionary observation: why not put those charming, inexpensive greeting cards out where people can see them? Halls point-of-purchase display essentially transformed the greeting-card industry. Before long, cards were being proffered for every holiday, every faith, and every occasion. Today, roughly half of all greeting cards purchased each

Dealing with a Grad School Rejection

Dealing with a Grad School Rejection You followed all the directions for applying to graduate school. You prepared for the GRE  and  obtained excellent recommendations  and still received a rejection letter from the graduate program of your dreams. What gives? Its difficult to learn that youre not among a grad program’s top choices, but more applicants are rejected than accepted to grad school. From a statistical standpoint, you have lots of company; competitive doctoral programs can receive 10 to 50 times as many graduate applicants than they can take. That probably doesnt make you feel any better, though. It may be particularly difficult if you were invited for an interview for graduate school; however, as many as 75 percent of applicants invited for interviews dont get into grad school. Why Was I Rejected? The simple answer is because there aren’t enough slots. Most graduate programs receive far more applications from qualified candidates than they can accept. Why were you eliminated  by a particular program? There is no way to tell for sure, but in many cases, applicants are rejected because they demonstrated poor fit. In other words, their interests and career aspirations didnt fit the program. For example, an applicant to a research-oriented clinical psychology program  who didn’t read the program materials carefully might be rejected for indicating an interest in practicing therapy. Alternatively, its simply a numbers game. In other words, a program may have 10 slots but 40 well-qualified applicants. In this case, decisions are often arbitrary and based on factors and whims that you cant predict. In these cases, it may simply be the luck of the draw. Seek Support You might find it difficult to inform family, friends, and professors of the bad news, but it is essential that you seek social support. Allow yourself to feel upset and acknowledge your feelings, then move forward. If you are rejected to every program to which you apply, reassess your goals, but don’t necessarily give up. Be Honest with Yourself Ask yourself some hard questions - and try your best to answer them honestly: Did you select schools carefully, paying attention to fit?Did you apply to enough programs?Did you complete all parts of each application?Did you spend enough time on your essays?Did you tailor your essays to each program?Did you have research experience?Did you have a field or applied experience?Did you know your referees well and did they have something to write about?Were most of your applications to highly competitive programs? Your answers to these questions may help you determine whether to reapply  next year, apply to a master’s program instead, or choose another career path. If you are firmly committed to attending graduate school, consider reapplying next year. Use the next few months to improve your academic record, seek research experience, and get to know professors. Apply to a wider range of schools (including safety schools), select programs more carefully, and thoroughly research each program.

HR Analisys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Analisys - Essay Example Similarly, it can affect the financial performance of this organization; however, this might vary from one state to the next depending on the HR practices that Organizations embraces in such states (Bauernberger, 2007). It is vital to recognize that the decisions that the company makes on who to hire, what to pay, what training to offer, how employees’ performance is appraised, and other credible HR provisions directly affect employees’ motivation and ability to provide goods and services that customers value. Consequently, Organizations, as an MNC, must consider such factors through the HR department so as to realize credible organizational performance. Generally, HR manager’s roles in this MNC might eventually affect its prosperity, market relevance, and financial aspects. The strategic HRM management practices chosen in this context incorporate recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation, employee relations, and performance management (Colli ns 5). However, three of them have been discerned in diverse ways so as to understand the novel HRM concepts that Organizations can establish and implement so as to remain relevant in the HR management arenas. They have been intertwined so as to emerge with a concrete management provisions that Organizations, through its newly managed HR department, should establish, implement and embrace to benefit the company. Organizations should implement various HRM management practices in order to remain relevant in the global market. Due to its production and marketing capacity, the organization demands novel HRM practices in the context of HR planning, recruitment of employees, selection criteria, training and development provisions, compensation plans, as well as performance management. Another credible provision is the establishment and ratification of diversity provisions within the Organizations’ workforce. Cultural diversity is increasingly being a

Questions on Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Questions on Philosophy - Essay Example What problem did Kant find with traditional metaphysics and how does he aim to solve it? (Think Descartes on this also) He thinks he is writing for metaphysicians and Hume because Hume is skeptic about the possibility of metaphysics (SparkNotes Editors). 3. How is it that Hume awoke Kant from his â€Å"dogmatic slumber?† What was it about Hume’s philosophy that was so awakening to Kant? What were the reasons Hume’s observations were so unsettling to Kant? Kant said that Hume's skeptical challenge is what first spurred him toward his critical philosophy. Hume asks how we can make inferences regarding experience: how can I predict what will happen in the future based on what has happened in the past? In order to do so, Hume suggests, I must know some sort of "uniformity principle" that says that events in the future will follow the same sorts of general laws that they have followed in the past. But how can I know this uniformity principle? It isn't logically or nec essarily true, so I can't simply infer it prior to experience like I can with mathematical knowledge. However, I fall into a vicious circle if I claim that I know it from experience, since I need to already have the uniformity principle in order to infer that—the uniformity principle has been true in the past, and it will continue to be true in the future. Thus, Hume concludes that we cannot know that future events will follow the same laws as past events: we just get into the habit of expecting it (SparkNotes Editors). 4. What questions are the ones that Kant thinks need to be answered first if metaphysics as a science is to be possible at all? Which is the question at the foundation of all knowledge? Metaphysics is unlike math or science in that its reach exceeds its grasp. It aspires to know what it cannot know. In finding itself bounded, however, reason also explores the full extent and possibility of human knowledge. While reason cannot tell us anything about things in t hemselves, it can be used to examine our own faculties. Kant redefines metaphysics as a "critique," an attempt to examine how knowledge is structured and justified (SparkNotes Editors). 5. What does Kant mean by all of our judgments being either a priori or a posteriori and either analytic or synthetic? What are examples of each of them? How do these 4 designations of our objects of knowledge differ from the two that Hume argued there were? Kant distinguishes between a priori and a posteriori cognitions and between analytic and synthetic judgments. Knowledge we gain from experience is a posteriori, and what we can know independent of experience is a priori. A synthetic judgment is one whose predicate contains information not contained in the subject, and an analytic judgment is one whose predicate is a mere analysis of the subject. Kant claims that mathematics, natural science, and metaphysics all lay claim to synthetic a priori propositions—propositions that are necessarily but not trivially true, and can be known prior to experience. Since mathematics and pure natural science are well-established fields, he proposes to examine how their synthetic truths are possible a priori in the hope that this examination will shed light on the possibility of metaphysics as a science (SparkNotes Editors). 6. What is so peculiar about knowledge that is both synthetic and a priori? Be able to give examples of these and be able to describe how this is possible according to Kant. Kant

Introduction to management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Introduction to management - Essay Example Information is crucial to managers, and because the value chain that links suppliers, Cadbury, its distributors and the customers is dependent on the system. All these crucial value chain issues are relevant to managers. Some of the managerial issues that influence the system the most include concerns for increase in efficiency in the form of trying to cut redundancies. The system is also aimed to provide a more efficient integration of the companys operations with the help of information technology that will result in substantial cost savings to the company. Over the years, Cadbury has gone through major changes. One of these changes include the integrated global IT system in 2002, where it has been implemented first in Australia. This change has not been effectively managed as unanticipated delays have occurred which has resulted in huge trouble to the company. The acquisition of Green and Black in 2005 has been well integrated in the companys operations, and the change is well-managed, as Cadbury has been able to adopt the Fair Trade practice of G&B. The effectiveness of the companys introduction of â€Å"Pathatrix†--a pathogen testing system in 2008, which aims to minimise the financial losses as well as the losses associated with its reputation is apparent in the companys higher revenues in the first half of 2009. The company has also undergone a restructuring of its legal team in order to reduce redundancy in 2008 as well as the closing down of one facility in Keynsham. The company has effectively managed these changes through good HR practices—systems of informal rewards and effective communications which have resulted in loyalty among employees. Because of the companys strong dedication to good HR practices, changes like these as well as its de-merger with Schweppes has not created a chaotic environment within the company, which

Geography and Culture of the uk

Geography and Culture of the uk The United Kingdom, which is also commonly referred to as Great Britain is an island country located of the northwestern coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom is comprised of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK is London which is according to Encyclopedia Britannica is â€Å"is among the world’s leading commercial, financial, and cultural centres.† The primary language in the United Kingdom is English, however there are several regional languages including Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and Irish. Brief History In the 19th century the Great Britain led the industrial revolution and was one of the most powerful nations in the world. Following World War II, Britain was left essential bankrupt and was forced to dismantle the British Empire. Most of its colonies became independent, and many sectors of the British economy became nationalized. Not until the 1960 did Britain fully recover from World War II. In 1979 Margret Thatcher became Britain’s first women prime minister. She became commonly known as the â€Å"Iron Lady† for her politics and leadership style. In the 1980 she began privatization of state-owned companies and reducing the power of trade unions. Culture According to the Hofstede Centre website the current rankings for the United Kingdom is as follows, Power distance 35, Individualism 89, Masculinity 66, Uncertainty avoidance 35, and Long Term Orientation 25. At a rank of 35 the United Kingdom ranks low in the power distance, reflecting that their society stresses equality and opportunity. With Individualism score of 89, it reflects that as a society they believe in the rights of an individual rather and act as individuals rather than members of a group or as one society. The low ranking of 35 for Uncertainty avoidance shows that as a society they are less rule oriented, more accepting of ambiguity and are more readily to accept change. They have a more they go with the flow approach. With Masculinity score of 66, this reflects a culture that favors more traditional masculine roles of control, achievement, and power. With a score of 25 the Long Term Orientation people look more to the long term rather than the right now. It is more a bout looking more into the future and putting value in tradition and persistence. Population According to the Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook website the current population in the United Kingdom 63,742,977, placing it 23rd on the world country comparison list. The median age is 40.4, (Males 39.2, Females 41.6) and largest section of the population at 41% is 25-54 year olds; see the following pie chart for age comparisons. Of the major urban areas London is the most populated at 8.615 million, Birmingham second at 2.296 million and Manchester third at 2.247 million. In regards to e urban vs. rural populations, the United Kingdom stands at 80% urban, 20% rural. The United Kingdom is 29th on the world comparison chart for life expectancy the total population 80.42 years (males 78.26, Female 82.69). Form of government The form of government in the United Kingdom is that of a Constitutional Monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of State in the United Kingdom; however her role is not that of a ruler of the country she fulfils important ceremonial and formal roles with respect to Government. David Cameron is the current Prime Minister and holds the senior minster role also considered the Head of Government and Head of the Executive Branch. Parliament is an essential part of United Kingdom government. The main roles of Parliament are legislation, debating and passing all laws, enabling the government to raise taxes and examine and challenging the work of the government. Parliament is made up of two houses, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses act as a check and balances system as decisions made in one house have to be approved by the other. The House of Commons is a publicly elected, the House of Lords members are appointed by the Queen. Role of religion According to the CIA’s world fact book the primary religion practiced in the United Kingdom is Christianity which includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, and Methodist which represents 59.5% of the population. 4.4 % identified as Muslim, 1.3% Hindu, 7.2% unspecified, 2% as other and 25.7% as not having an affliction. In the United Kingdom the Churches of England and Scotland are recognized by law as the official churches and are subject to the regulation of the law. In the Church of England the Archbishops and bishops are appointed by The Queen. A number of high Churches of England officials have appointed seats in the House of Lords. These officials have important advisory and advocacy roles regarding legislative issues affecting the church such as abortion and euthanasia. The Church of England holds no authority in Scotland and unlike the Church of England the Church of Scotland is separate from the state. Negotiation In negotiations you must practice patience and do not try and rush your British counterparts into a decision. Do not use a hard-sell attitude or attempt pressure tactics, as this will only be counterproductive in your negations. When it comes to your business plans stick to the facts and do not over sell or schmooze, British executives are more concerned with the facts of the deal than the relationship. They are more concerned with the letter of the law than the spirit of law. British Executives tend to be direct and to the point, it is more about fact than feeling or emotion. They also tend to be very reserved and will rarely show emotion good or bad, and will often down play dangerous situations. Financial In 2008 the United Kingdom was hit with the Financial Crisis. In December 2008 the FTSE 100 had its largest annual drop in 24 years closing 31.1% from January 2008. The FTSE 100 is the top 100 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange with the highest market capitalization. The unemployment rate increased from 5.1% in February 2008 to 7.2% by February 2009. In 2009 the Bank of England lowered interest rates to 1.5%, which was the lowest level ever recorded. The Office for Budget Responsibility was established in 2010 was established in 2010 to provide and independent analyses of the UK’s public finances following the financial crisis of 2008. In January 2014 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) upgraded the UK GDP forecast from 1.9% previously forecasted to 2.4% for 2014, and forecasted UK growth by 2.2% for 2015. This upgrade was the largest forecast that of any other economy by the IMF. In March of 2014 the Office for Budget Responsibility(OBR) reported that â€Å"consumer spending was the main driver for growth in 2013† and indicated the housing market is showing signs of growth. The OBR is forecasting 2.7 growth in 2014, and 2.3% for 2015. In a recent interview on CCTV America Robin Harding, the U.S. economist editor for the Final Times reported that the UK economy is just about half way back to where it was just prior to the UK financial crisis. According to Nation Master in 2012 the United Kingdom was 2nd of 172 reported counties with a deficit of $10.09 trillion dollars. Exports 10th of 189 countries with $473 billion dollars. GDP 7th of 144 countries, $2.44 trillion dollars and GDP per capita 21st of 183 for $35,046.59 per capita. The unemployment rate is gradually decreasing. According to the Office for National Statistics in its April 16, 2014 Statistical bulletin the first quarter unemployment rate for 2014 was 6.9%, down from 2013 fourth quarter of 7.1% and down from the previous year of 7.9%. Doing Business Index of economic freedom – p95 According to the World Bank Group, Doing Business website, out of 189 economies the United Kingdom currently is ranked 10th, up fro 11th in 2013 on the â€Å"Ease of Doing Business†. The Gross National Income(GNI) per capita in 2014 is $38,250. United Kingdom is classified as a High-Income group. In the category of starting a business the United Kingdom ranks 28th overall with the average number of days to register the business being 12 days with an approx cost of $108. When obtain construction/building permits the UK ranks 27th with the average number of days being 88 days with an approx cost of $26,939. In the category of purchasing/register property the UK ranks 10th overall with approx fees ranging from $10,000 – $20,000. In regards to exporting/importing the UK ranks 16th overall, with the average number of days being 8 days. With a cost of export $1,005 and import $1,050 per container to and from the US. The UK ranks 14th overall for Taxes, with a total tax rate of 34% of total profit. Communication and apparel expectations In regards to business attire conservative dress is very important in the United Kingdom. Men typically wear dark blue, gray or black business suits, solid or pin stripe. Dress shirts should be solid colored and with no pockets, collared of course. Ties are a must, solid color or with a pattern but never striped, striped ties typically signify you are a member of the British Army. Laced dress shoes and socks should be the same color as your suit. Women typically wear business suit with pants or skirts. Women should avoid loud colors and stick with the more conservative colors like the men going with dark blue, gray or black. If wearing a skirt, panty hose should be worn in neural or solid color, avoiding patterns or mesh type hosiery. Makeup and jewelry should be kept at a minimum. When greeting a handshake is standard in business. However not all women shake hands, it is always best to observe your surroundings and follow suit. Avoid making too much physical contact, in the United Kingdom touching others in public is deemed inappropriate. When speaking to other avoid placing your hands in your pockets, it is considered rude. However avoid excessive hand gestures when speaking. Business cards are often exchanged; never place a business card in your back pants pocket. As a meeting planner always have an agenda ready and available for all, and a summary of meeting notes should be provided to all attendees. When address and individual as Mr., Ms. or Miss and last name unless you are given permission to use their first name. If an individual has an honorary title always use the title when addressing them. Taboos As in the United States it’s not taboo however in general it is best to refrain from certain topics such as politics, religion and income. The English are very modest and tend not to discuss their achievements. Avoid asking any personal questions, even a question as simple as what a people does for work is deemed to personal. A peace sign with the palm facing out is fine; however making the â€Å"V for Victory† with your palm facing you is considered an offensive gesture. References http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom – 5/26/14 Culture http://geert-hofstede.com/united-kingdom.html Religions https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html#uk – 5/26/14 Economics http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/united-kingdom 5/27/14 Population https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html 5/29/14 Finance – Harding interview http://youtu.be/5galHHe5MBE -6/1/14 Financial ONS http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_357545.pdf -6/1/14 Google Unemployment – www.google.com/#q=uk+unemployemtn+data -6/1/14 Financial http://budgetresponsibility.org.uk/economic-fiscal-outlook-march-2014/ -6/1/14 NationMaster Debt http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/United-Kingdom/Economy -6/1/14

international terrorism :: essays research papers

After reading Martha Crenshaw’s essay on The Causes of Terrorism, thoughts were provoked that allowed me to look at the causes of terrorism from an entirely new perspective. It took my preconceived notions and feelings towards terrorism out of the picture and really let me look at the subject from a balanced point of view. I found this appealing because I have never been able to comprehend how there could be rational justifications to such a harsh reality. It really motivated me to try and understand more about such a complex subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay explained settings for terrorism, reasons for terrorism, and individual motivation and participation. All three of which made me think of the America before the constitution, before equal rights were assured to all individuals. These privileges did not come for free; we had to fight for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In settings for terrorism, the author talked about subgroups of larger populations that may be discriminated against, or suppressed and not given equal opportunity for political participation. These particular situations may be conducive to terrorist organization and activity. These were some of the same settings for the causes of wars in America’s history, from the American Revolution, to the Civil War. During the American Revolution fighters for their cause were not looked at as terrorist although they did participate in, what was considered at that time to be, unconventional warfare which most consider today to be a personality of terrorism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons for terrorism are more complex. One intention of a terrorist organization may be to provoke a counter reaction from the government, to increase publicity for the terrorists’ cause, and to demonstrate that criticism of the regime is well founded. The terrorists mean to force the state to show its true repressive face, thereby driving the people into the arms of the challengers. September 11, 2001 was an excellent example of this. After the attacks, Americans were outraged and emotional. Action had to be taken to revenge the lives lost and to ensure our national security. Everyone seemed vulnerable now, more than ever. America’s fight against terrorism led to the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, and at the same time America tried to spread democracy in, previously, undemocratic countries. The intention of the Al Qaeda to strike fear in their target population was only the beginning of what they were able to accomplish. Al Qaeda showed the world that their criticism of America’s attempt to force democracy throughout the world was true. international terrorism :: essays research papers After reading Martha Crenshaw’s essay on The Causes of Terrorism, thoughts were provoked that allowed me to look at the causes of terrorism from an entirely new perspective. It took my preconceived notions and feelings towards terrorism out of the picture and really let me look at the subject from a balanced point of view. I found this appealing because I have never been able to comprehend how there could be rational justifications to such a harsh reality. It really motivated me to try and understand more about such a complex subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay explained settings for terrorism, reasons for terrorism, and individual motivation and participation. All three of which made me think of the America before the constitution, before equal rights were assured to all individuals. These privileges did not come for free; we had to fight for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In settings for terrorism, the author talked about subgroups of larger populations that may be discriminated against, or suppressed and not given equal opportunity for political participation. These particular situations may be conducive to terrorist organization and activity. These were some of the same settings for the causes of wars in America’s history, from the American Revolution, to the Civil War. During the American Revolution fighters for their cause were not looked at as terrorist although they did participate in, what was considered at that time to be, unconventional warfare which most consider today to be a personality of terrorism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons for terrorism are more complex. One intention of a terrorist organization may be to provoke a counter reaction from the government, to increase publicity for the terrorists’ cause, and to demonstrate that criticism of the regime is well founded. The terrorists mean to force the state to show its true repressive face, thereby driving the people into the arms of the challengers. September 11, 2001 was an excellent example of this. After the attacks, Americans were outraged and emotional. Action had to be taken to revenge the lives lost and to ensure our national security. Everyone seemed vulnerable now, more than ever. America’s fight against terrorism led to the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, and at the same time America tried to spread democracy in, previously, undemocratic countries. The intention of the Al Qaeda to strike fear in their target population was only the beginning of what they were able to accomplish. Al Qaeda showed the world that their criticism of America’s attempt to force democracy throughout the world was true.